使用自然语言识别腹腔大动脉瘤大小和存在 放射学报告的处理:系统性审查和元分析
Seyed Mohammad Sajjadi1, Alisa Mohebbi2, Amirhossein Ehsani3
1Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran.
Abdominal radiology (New York)
|January 30, 2025
概括
自然语言处理 (NLP) 有效地识别腹腔大动脉动脉瘤 (AAA),并在放射学报告中测量其大小. 这种自动化方法为AAA诊断和监测提供了更高的效率和可扩展性.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 放射学 放射学是一门学科.
- 自然语言处理自然语言处理.
背景情况:
- 之前的腹腔大动脉瘤 (AAA) 研究由于样本规模小和数据聚合不一致而面临限制.
- 自然语言处理 (NLP) 为AAA研究有效地从健康记录中提取成像数据提供了一个强大的解决方案.
研究的目的:
- 评估NLP技术在识别AAA存在或不存在方面的有效性.
- 评估NLP在放射学报告的大数据集中测量最大腹部大动脉直径的能力.
主要方法:
- 在主要数据库 (PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,Embase,Science Direct) 进行了系统的文献搜索,直到2024年3月.
- 用RAYYAN工具进行了研究选,并使用STATA v18.18进行了元分析.
- 使用埃格尔测试来评估出版偏见,使用纽卡斯尔太华规模来评估研究质量.
主要成果:
- 分析包括39094名AAA患者 (27,326名男性,11,383名女性;平均年龄为73.1岁).
- NLP模型表现出高性能:灵敏度为0.89,特异性为0.88,精度为0.92,准确度为0.91.
- 在随访期间,NLP实施导致报告的动脉瘤直径大小在统计学上显著减少0.05厘米.
结论:
- 在放射学报告中,NLP显示了自动化AAA检测和测量的巨大潜力,提高了效率和可扩展性.
- 挑战包括报告格式的变化以及需要高质量,具有代表性的培训数据集.
- 人类监督对于将NLP发现纳入更广泛的临床背景,以提供知情的患者护理至关重要.
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