用认知,神经成像和病理学检查来描述长期1型糖尿病的认知衰退
Hetal S Shah1,2, Matthew N DeSalvo3, Anastasia Haidar4
1Dianne Hoppes Nunnally Laboratory Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
JCI insight
|January 30, 2025
概括
长期患有1型糖尿病 (T1D) 的老年人经历的认知衰退与大脑外细胞变化有关,而不是神经血管问题. 保持视力敏可能有助于预防T1D患者的认知障碍.
科学领域:
- 内分泌学和新陈代谢学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 眼科医生 眼科 眼科
背景情况:
- 认知能力下降是长期患有1型糖尿病 (T1D) 的老年人的研究不足的并发症.
- 之前的研究还没有全面研究这种人群的认知功能,脑成像和病理之间的关系.
研究的目的:
- 描述与长期1型糖尿病 (T1D) 的老年人认知衰退相关的因素.
- 为了研究临床因素,认知表现,神经成像发现和T1D奖牌获得者的大脑病理之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 认知测试对222名乔斯林"医生" (T1D ≥50年) 进行了认知测试.
- 神经成像和视网膜成像对52名奖牌获得者和20名年龄匹配的对照进行.
- 在26个人中检查了大脑病理,并分析了临床,认知和神经成像参数之间的关系.
主要成果:
- 奖牌获得者表现出较差的精神运动功能和回忆力,与女性性别相关,视力敏度较低,身体活动减少,糖尿病持续时间较长,炎症性细胞因子较高.
- 奖牌获得者显示总和区域大脑体积显著降低 (相当于9年加速衰老),但与对照组相比,类似的小血管疾病标志物.
- 减少的大脑体积与女性性别相关,心理运动功能较差,视力敏度较差,T1D持续时间较长,炎症较高,但不控制血糖. 视力敏度下降预测了心理运动的下降,大脑体积调解了这种关联.
结论:
- 老龄化T1D的认知衰退与对细胞大脑异常有关,这表明加快老化,与2型糖尿病不同.
- 大脑病理学揭示了体积的减少,主要是轻微的血管或与阿尔茨海默病相关的变化.
- 提高视力敏度可能是对T1D患者认知能力下降的关键预防策略.
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