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相关概念视频

Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

Fundamental Attribution Error

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According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
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Blinding01:11

Blinding

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Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
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Blind Procedures02:07

Blind Procedures

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Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which...
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Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies02:09

Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies

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When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...
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Naturalistic Observations02:30

Naturalistic Observations

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If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
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Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

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Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
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相关实验视频

Updated: May 30, 2025

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
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Published on: October 13, 2018

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复活"黑盒子"的难题

Patricia A Alexander1

  • 1Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, USA palexand@umd.edu.

The Behavioral and brain sciences
|January 31, 2025
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

村山和贾克提出了一个计算模型,其中动机来自认知,而不是行为启动. 然而,这项研究辩称他们的模型模型.

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Combined Shuttle-Box Training with Electrophysiological Cortex Recording and Stimulation as a Tool to Study Perception and Learning
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相关实验视频

Last Updated: May 30, 2025

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
09:27

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The Use of the Puzzle Box as a Means of Assessing the Efficacy of Environmental Enrichment
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Combined Shuttle-Box Training with Electrophysiological Cortex Recording and Stimulation as a Tool to Study Perception and Learning
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科学领域:

  • 认知科学 认知科学
  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 思想的哲学 思想的哲学

背景情况:

  • 传统观点认为,动机是行为的主要驱动因素.
  • 村山和贾克批评现有的动机理论,提出了一个替代方案.
  • 了解动机的起源对于解释目标导向行动至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 评估Murayama和Jach关于心理计算动机模型的说法.
  • 批判性地评估高层次动机是认知过程的新兴特性的主张.
  • 检查拟议模型在解释行为时的有效性.

主要方法:

  • 分析Murayama和Jach的心理计算模型.
  • 对模型的理论基础和假设进行批评.
  • 将模型的预测与已确定的心理原则进行比较.

主要成果:

  • 批评承认同意作者对激励文献的审查的某些方面.
  • 这项研究指出,关于大脑"黑子"被"拆除"的说法存在根本的缺陷.
  • 发现拟议模型的基础是不稳定的,质疑其解释能力.

结论:

  • 关于高层次动机仅仅是新兴性质的说法需要进一步证实.
  • 穆拉亚马和贾克提出的计算模型可能无法完全捕捉到人类动机的复杂性.
  • 头脑的"黑子"在很大程度上仍然没有被拆除,需要对认知过程和动机进行持续的研究.