在自闭症儿童的皮层厚度差异与没有智力障碍的自闭症儿童
Derek S Andrews1, Andrew J Dakopolos1, Joshua K Lee1
1Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, the MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
概括
自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 和智力障碍 (ID) 经常同时发生. 这项研究在自闭症儿童中发现了独特的皮质厚度模式,将较薄的皮质与更高的智商和ID患者的皮质厚度联系起来,突出了潜在的神经成像生物标志物.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 医疗成像医学成像
背景情况:
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 影响了36个美国儿童中的1个,近40%的儿童也患有智力障碍 (ID).
- 皮层厚度是ASD和ID的潜在神经成像生物标志物,但研究通常不包括ID患者.
- 有限的研究存在于皮质厚度在自闭症儿童的智力能力的全谱.
研究的目的:
- 研究青少年自闭症儿童和典型发育 (TD) 同龄人的全面智商和皮质厚度之间的关联.
- 为了检查与没有智力障碍的自闭症儿童之间的皮质厚度的差异.
- 探索皮层厚度模式,智商和自闭症症状严重程度之间的重叠.
主要方法:
- 磁共振成像 (MRI) 用于评估88名自闭症儿童 (IQ 19-133) 和53名TD儿童 (平均年龄~5.3岁) 的皮质厚度.
- 统计分析检查了两组全尺度智商和皮质厚度之间的相关性.
- 皮层厚度在患有ID (IQ ≤70) 和没有ID的自闭症儿童之间进行了比较,并分析了与IQ和自闭症诊断观察计划 (ADOS) 校准严重性得分的关联.
主要成果:
- 自闭症儿童显示出智商和皮质厚度之间的显著负面关联,包括内腔皮质,状回环和状回环在内的区域,与TD儿童不同.
- 与没有ID的自闭症儿童相比,ID的自闭症儿童在这些区域表现出显著更厚的皮质.
- 与智商和自闭症症状严重程度相关的皮层厚度模式在皮层中显示出显著的重叠.
结论:
- 皮层厚度的变化与自闭症儿童的智力能力有关,与典型发育的同龄人不同.
- 特定的皮质区域可以作为神经成像标志物用于自闭症谱内的智力功能.
- 研究结果表明,大脑结构,智力能力和自闭症症状之间存在复杂的相互作用.
相关概念视频
Intellectual Disability
38
Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
38
Autism Spectrum Disorder
57
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
57
Biological Influences on Intelligence
68
Intelligence is often thought to be linked to brain size, but the relationship is more complex than that. While brain size does correlate modestly with some abilities, like verbal skills, the connection is weaker for others, such as spatial reasoning. Other factors, like brain structure, also play crucial roles. For instance, despite Einstein's smaller-than-average brain, his parietal cortex, which is involved in spatial reasoning, was 15% wider, suggesting that neural density might matter...
68
Language and Cognition
318
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
318
Learning Disabilities
83
Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
83
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
35
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
35


