在患有多种慢性疾病的患者中,实践护士护理环境和提供者短缺
Amy McMenamin1,2, Eleanor Turi3,4,5, Jianfang Liu1
1School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Research in nursing & health
|January 31, 2025
概括
在卫生专业人员短缺地区 (HPSAs) 的执业护士 (NP) 面临着挑战. 改善的NP护理环境减少了非HPSA的住院,但不是HPSA的住院,这表明需要解决供应商短缺问题.
科学领域:
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
- 护理实践 护理实践
- 医疗保健政策 医疗保健政策
背景情况:
- 卫生专业人员短缺地区 (HPSA) 对初级保健提供者,特别是那些管理多重慢性疾病患者 (MCC) 提出了挑战.
- 与非HPSA环境相比,HPSA患者经常经历较差的健康结果.
- 执业护士 (NPs) 对MCC护理至关重要,但不利的工作环境可能会限制他们的有效性.
研究的目的:
- 调查NP护理环境如何影响MCC患者的HPSA状态和住院或急诊室 (ED) 访问之间的关系.
- 确定NP护理环境是否能缓和HPSA状态对老年医疗保险受益人不良医疗保健利用的影响.
主要方法:
- 合并的医疗保险索赔,NP调查数据和卫生资源和服务管理局 (HRSA) 数据的二次分析.
- 包括779家诊所和394,424名医疗保险受益者 (65岁以上) 在15种慢性疾病中至少有两种.
- 后勤回归分析,以评估HPSA状态和NP护理环境对ED访问和住院的影响.
主要成果:
- 在NP护理环境中,HPSA状态与住院治疗之间的关联显著缓解 (AOR 1.165,p=0.010),但ED使用并没有显著缓解.
- 在非HPSA中,改善的NP护理环境与较低的住院几率有关 (β=-0.148,p<0.001).
- 在HPSA中,改善的NP护理环境并没有显著影响住院几率 (β=0.0047,p=0.920).
结论:
- 改善NP护理环境在减少住院治疗的有效性取决于解决HPSA的提供者短缺问题.
- 提高NP工作环境的策略可能会在减轻HPSA相关的资源限制后,为患者的结果带来更大的好处.
- 未来的干预措施应考虑改善护理环境和HPSA特定的挑战,以优化对MCC患者的护理.
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