用家畜取代本地牧草动物影响关节动物对生态系统功能和疾病产生影响
Pronoy Baidya1,2, Shamik Roy1,3, Jalmesh Karapurkar1,2
1Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India.
概括
畜牧放牧显著改变了跨喜马拉雅寒冷沙漠中的节肢动物群落,影响了捕食者,食草动物和疾病载体. 这种转变影响了生态系统功能,并为载体传播疾病带来了风险.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 动物学 动物学
- 环境科学 环境科学
背景情况:
- 大型哺乳动物食草动物极大地影响生态系统,影响植被,土壤和其他动物群体,包括关节动物.
- 全球用牲畜取代本地放牧者,需要了解牲畜是否具有相似的生态影响.
- 寒冷的沙漠生态系统,如喜马拉雅以南地区的生态系统,特别容易受到放牧制度的变化的影响.
研究的目的:
- 调查家畜取代本土牧草动物对跨喜马拉雅生态系统的陆地关节动物群落的影响.
- 为了确定畜牧放牧是否对节肢动物具有与本地草食动物相比较的影响.
- 通过植被和土壤变量分析放牧和放牧者身份对节肢动物群体的直接和间接影响.
主要方法:
- 在印度北部进行了一项14年复制的,景观水平的放牧者排除实验.
- 在2765个陷日内,在生长季节 (春季,夏季,秋季) 中使用陷陷采样了居住在地面的关节动物 (n=25,604).
- 数据分析涉及部分冗余分析 (RDA) 和结构方程建模,以评估社区变异和因果路径.
主要成果:
- 草地组合,无论是牲畜还是本地草食动物,都强烈影响了植被和节肢动物群落,解释了53.6%的变化.
- 畜牧放牧直接和间接 (通过植被) 影响了关节动物群落.
- 与本地牧草动物相比,牲畜导致蜘蛛 (捕食者) 的数量减少,但 (食草动物) 和/ (疾病载体) 的数量增加.
结论:
- 用牲畜取代本地牧草者对关节动物群落和生态系统结构产生了重大,广泛的影响.
- 捕食者数量减少 (蜘蛛) 可能会破坏食物网,而食草动物数量增加 () 可能会加剧植被退化.
- 疾病载体 (和) 的增加凸显了One Health的担忧,并要求对畜牧业进行干预.
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