患有自闭症谱系障碍的五岁儿童在与注意力脱节作斗争
Wei Wang1,2, Chun Cheng3, Zhiyu Xu4
1Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Yuhangtang Road 2318, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Cognitive processing
|January 31, 2025
概括
患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的学龄前儿童可以吸引注意力,但很难将其脱离. 这种对注意力脱节的选择性障碍凸显了早期ASD干预的必要性.
科学领域:
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
背景情况:
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的特点是社会和沟通缺陷,通常伴随着注意力障碍.
- 之前关于自闭症注意力转移的研究主要集中在学龄儿童和成年人身上.
- 患有自闭症的幼儿注意力转移缺陷的早期出现和具体性质 (参与与脱离) 仍然不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 研究ASD学龄前儿童注意力转移的时间过程.
- 为了确定注意力参与或脱离过程是否在儿童早期的ASD中受到选择性的影响.
- 阐明自闭症中注意力转移障碍的发展轨迹.
主要方法:
- 利用波斯纳的线索-目标范式,系统地操纵线索-目标发作异步.
- 在ASD和典型发育 (TD) 控制的学龄前儿童中评估了注意力捕获 (参与) 和回归抑制 (IOR).
- 分析了反应时间和准确性,以区分参与和脱离过程.
主要成果:
- 无论是ASD还是TD儿童都表现出早期的促进效应,这表明成功地与突出的刺激进行了注意力参与.
- 患有自闭症的学龄前儿童没有表现出可靠的抑制回归 (IOR) 效应.
- TD儿童表现出典型的IOR效应,表明注意力的有效脱离.
结论:
- 患有自闭症的学龄前儿童在注意力失调方面表现出选择性缺陷,而不是注意力参与.
- 这些发现表明,在ASD的发展过程中,注意力脱节的困难在ASD的早期存在.
- 早期识别和针对注意力脱节的干预可能对改善ASD幼儿的功能结果至关重要.
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