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描述威斯康星州和明尼苏达州的干燥和早期哺乳乳奶牛管理实践
Shawna J Sigl1, Jennifer M C Van Os2, Shaheer Burney3
1Department of Animal and Food Science, University of Wisconsin-River Falls, River Falls, WI 54022.
Journal of dairy science
|January 31, 2025
概括
在干旱期和早期哺乳期的奶牛管理有很大差异. 移除小牛的时间不同,较大的群体会更快地分离小牛. 还报告了疾病发病率,比如静止痛.
科学领域:
- 乳制品科学 乳制品科学
- 动物福利 动物福利
- 生殖管理生殖管理.
背景情况:
- 过渡期 (干燥到早期哺乳期) 对于奶牛的健康和生产力至关重要.
- 牛和小牛的分离时间是一个有争议的做法,目前美国奶牛场协议的数据有限.
- 了解管理实践是改善过渡期牛福利的关键.
研究的目的:
- 调查威斯康星州和明尼苏达州的奶牛养殖者,了解过渡期奶牛的住房和管理做法 (60天产前到30天产后).
- 描述小牛分离的时间和常见过渡性疾病的发病率.
- 识别管理的变化和福利改善的潜在领域.
主要方法:
- 一项调查邮寄给威斯康星州和明尼苏达州的1,503名乳制品生产商.
- 该调查收集了有关农场人口统计,牛的住房,过渡期的管理,小牛的移除和疾病发病率的数据.
- 响应率为31% (466个农场).
主要成果:
- 管理实践,包括干奶牛住房 (近距离是常见的) 和新鲜奶牛住房 (免费摊位),差异很大.
- 在过渡期内,奶牛被移动了0-6次 (中位数为2).
- 离开小牛通常发生在12小时内,在较大的群体中更快地离开,并且停留在小牛的时间更短.
- 腹 (7.0%) 和保留的胎盘 (6.4%) 是最常见的过渡性疾病.
结论:
- 许多农场都采用推的做法,如生牛和适当的养殖密度.
- 农民报告的数据表明,必须遵守过渡期牛管理的一些最佳实践.
- 需要使用基于动物的福利措施进行进一步的研究,以充分评估牛的福利. 管理变化提供了改进的机会.
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