学习声乐行为的时间组织是由物种而不是经验预测的
Jacob A Edwards1,2, Moises Rivera1,3, Sarah M N Woolley1,2
1Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind, Brain, and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027.
概括
鸟类的歌曲组织,包括音节序列,主要由物种遗传学决定,而不是学习或经验. 这项研究揭示了鸟歌曲中固有的物种特异性模式.
科学领域:
- 动物行为 动物行为
- 生物声学是一种生物声学.
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
背景情况:
- 鸟儿的歌声表现出层次的时间组织,类似于人类的语言.
- 鸟中的音节序列 (语法) 对于沟通至关重要,但其决定因素仍然不清楚.
- 虽然音节是可以学习的,但控制歌曲结构的因素是未知的.
研究的目的:
- 调查学习与物种遗传学在鸟类歌声时间组织中的作用.
- 为了确定歌曲的语法和时间是否是天生的或获得的特征.
- 为了比较不同雌性鱼物种和实验条件的歌曲组织.
主要方法:
- 操纵的青少年歌曲学习经验和基因在三个estrildid鱼物种.
- 分析了同种受过辅导的,未受过辅导的,异种受过辅导的和遗传杂交的成年歌曲.
- 量化歌曲宏观结构,音节序列和音节时间进行比较分析.
主要成果:
- 歌曲的组织是特定于物种和一致的,不论是歌曲辅导或经验.
- 在同一物种的受辅导和未受辅导鸟类之间没有发现显著的时间差异.
- 遗传混合体显示的歌曲组织反映了父母的两种物种,而异种类型的导师的音节被整合到同类型的语法中.
结论:
- 鸟歌的时间组织,包括语法,主要是由物种遗传学预测的,而不是听觉学习.
- 天生的遗传因素决定了鸟的结构和序列.
- 这一发现挑战了歌曲语法主要是被学习的概念,突出了进化在沟通模式中的作用.
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