在马里兰州 (2020-2023) 描述与雪拉相关的过量死亡
Erin Y Wang1, Rebecca Phipps2, Stephanie A Dean2
1Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Drug and alcohol dependence
|February 1, 2025
概括
与西拉相关的过量死亡 (XROD) 占马里兰州 (2020-2023) 芬太尼死亡的20.6%. 虽然2021年后的发病率有所下降,但西拉在白人和31-40岁的人群中更为普遍.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 毒理学 毒理学 毒理学
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 克西拉是芬太尼过量死亡的新兴污染物.
- 越来越多地检测到马里兰州药物过量致死者的西拉.
- 需要了解与西拉相关的过量死亡 (XROD) 的风险因素和时间趋势.
研究的目的:
- 为了探索马里兰州XRODs的风险因素.
- 分析2020年至2023年XROD的时间趋势.
- 为了确定与XRODs的人口和物质共同使用的关联.
主要方法:
- 使用马里兰医学检查员数据 (2020-2023) 进行的连续横截面研究.
- 通过阳性死后血糖胺测试来确定XROD.
- 多变量后勤回归和根据人口统计和同时出现的物质计算每年基于人口的XROD率.
主要成果:
- 在8721例芬太尼过量死亡中,1798例 (20.6%) 是XROD.
- XROD利率在2021年达到峰值,随后下降.
- 白人 (aOR 1.18) 和31-40岁 (aOR 1.25) 的人群中,西拉的发生率更高. 同时使用吗啡,甲,二和特拉马多尔增加了XROD的几率.
结论:
- 在马里兰州,XROD是一个重要的公共卫生问题.
- 由于XROD的死亡率因种族,年龄和同时出现的物质使用而有很大差异.
- 针对性地预防过量服用和减少对脆弱人群的伤害,对于减少与克西拉相关的死亡率至关重要.
更多相关视频
相关概念视频
Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Dependence of Elimination Half-Life and Dose Clearance
75
The elimination half-life and drug clearance of drugs following nonlinear kinetics can vary with dosage. The Michaelis-Menten parameters and drug concentration influence these factors. As the dose increases, the elimination half-life tends to lengthen, resulting in a reduction in clearance and a disproportionately larger area under the curve. The total clearance can be derived from the Michaelis-Menten equation for drugs following a one-compartment model.
A study on guinea pigs examined the...
A study on guinea pigs examined the...
75
Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids
211
Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
211
Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents
144
Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...
144
Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Barbiturates
189
Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a drug class that acts on the central nervous system (CNS) to alleviate anxiety, promote relaxation and induce sleep.These drugs function by amplifying the actions of the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), resulting in reduced neuronal activity. Barbiturates, a subset of sedatives and hypnotics first synthesized in the late 1800s, are categorized into ultra-short, short, intermediate, and long-acting groups based on their duration of effect. A...
189
Depressants
97
Depressant drugs, including alcohol and sedative-hypnotics, diminish central nervous system activity by enhancing the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that reduces brain activity and promotes relaxation. These substances can have various therapeutic uses but also pose significant risks, especially when misused or combined.
Alcohol is a common depressant that can induce a sense of relaxation and reduced inhibition at low doses. Contrary to its occasional...
Alcohol is a common depressant that can induce a sense of relaxation and reduced inhibition at low doses. Contrary to its occasional...
97
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview
93
Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
93


