表达塔基基宁-1的副亚体体核神经元对于气味诱导的食欲抑制是必要的
Zoe E Kaegi1, Matthew E Carter1
1Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, 01267 USA.
Physiology & behavior
|February 1, 2025
概括
大脑干中表达塔基基宁-1的神经元在感知危险时减少食. 这些神经元专门对捕食者气味进行激活,抑制食欲和阻止食的开始,突出显示它们在威胁检测中的作用.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 嗅觉处理 嗅觉处理
- 调节食欲 调节食欲是什么意思
背景情况:
- 气味剂通过指示食物或威胁,显著影响养行为.
- 连接嗅觉线索与养调节的神经通路的理解尚不完全.
- 众所周知,寄生体细胞核 (PSTNTac1神经元) 中的塔基基宁-1-表达神经元可以减少食物摄入量.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究PSTNTac1神经元活动是如何被不同气味剂调节的.
- 确定PSTNTac1神经元在处理厌恶性嗅觉信号中的作用.
- 了解外部威胁线索与食欲调节的整合.
主要方法:
- 在小鼠中利用纤维光度测量来测量神经活动.
- 暴露于厌恶 (2MT,TMT),中性和有吸引力的气味剂的小鼠.
- 采用化学遗传学来抑制PSTNTac1神经元活动.
主要成果:
- PSTNTac1神经元在对厌恶性掠食者气味剂 (2MT,TMT) 的反应中表现出增加的活动,但不是中性或有吸引力的.
- 这种神经激活与减少食物摄入量和延迟开始食相关.
- 抑制PSTNTac1神经元消除了2MT和TMT引起的食抑制.
结论:
- PSTNTac1神经元专门处理厌恶的嗅觉信号.
- 这些神经元在整合外部威胁线索与内部食欲调节方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
- 这些发现阐明了一个关键的神经机制,即危险信号如何抑制食行为.
相关概念视频
01:30Regulation of Food Intake
181
Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
181
01:24The Physiology of Taste
3.7K
The perception of a salty flavor is facilitated by sodium ions within the oral salivary fluid. Upon consumption of a salty substance, salt crystals disassemble, leading to the liberation of its constituents—Na+ and Cl- ions. These ions subsequently dissolve into the salivary fluid present in the oral cavity. The external environment of the gustatory cells experiences an elevation in Na+ concentration, thereby establishing a potent concentration gradient. This gradient propels the...
3.7K
01:43Gustation
47.6K
Gustation is a chemical sense that, along with olfaction (smell), contributes to our perception of taste. It starts with the activation of receptors by chemical compounds (tastants) dissolved in the saliva. The saliva and filiform papillae on the tongue distribute the tastants and increase their exposure to the taste receptors.
47.6K
01:28Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists
147
Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy. SP binds and activates...
147
01:20Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway
7.9K
Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
The olfactory...
7.9K
01:03Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure
8.7K
The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
8.7K