在突触的多分区组织中的相分离
Shihan Zhu1, Zeyu Shen1, Xiandeng Wu2
1School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Kowloon, China.
Current opinion in neurobiology
|February 2, 2025
概括
阶段分离驱动神经元突触内形成不同的分子凝聚物. 这个过程组织了突触成分,调节神经递质释放和突触可塑性.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
- 生物化学 生物化学
背景情况:
- 神经元突触,神经元之间的通信连接点,在微和纳米尺度上具有复杂的细分.
- 这些区间,包括前突触和后突触,具有不同的分子组织和功能.
- 了解控制这种细度组织的机制对于理解突触功能和可塑性至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 审查最近关于相位分离如何促进神经元突触内分子凝聚物的形成和共存的研究结果.
- 阐明阶段分离在组织突触前和突触后区间中的作用.
- 突出相分离在突触传输和可塑性的功能影响.
主要方法:
- 本综述综合了许多近期研究的数据.
- 它的重点是研究证明多价值蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用的原则.
- 该审查审查了阶段分离驱动突触微域中的凝结物形成的证据.
主要成果:
- 多价值蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用和随后的相分离是突触区分的基础的关键机制.
- 在后突触中,相位分离使神经递质受体能够聚合到特定的纳米领域,影响后突触密度调节和可塑性.
- 在前突触中,相位分离促进了突触囊泡组织成不同的池,影响活动诱导的神经递质释放.
结论:
- 阶段分离是建立和维持神经突触内的分子组织的基本生物物理过程.
- 这种机制允许形成多个不同的分子凝聚物,使前和后突触区的特殊功能成为可能.
- 突触功能的调节,包括可塑性和神经递质释放,与相分离驱动的突触组织密切相关.
相关概念视频
01:26Chemical Synapses
8.6K
Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
8.6K
02:47The Synapse
122.7K
Neurons communicate with one another by passing on their electrical signals to other neurons. A synapse is the location where two neurons meet to exchange signals. At the synapse, the neuron that sends the signal is called the presynaptic cell, while the neuron that receives the message is called the postsynaptic cell. Note that most neurons can be both presynaptic and postsynaptic, as they both transmit and receive information.
122.7K
01:28Electrical Synapses
8.2K
Electrical synapses found in all nervous systems play important and unique roles. In these synapses, the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are very close together (3.5 nm) and are actually physically connected by channel proteins forming gap junctions.
Gap junctions allow the current to pass directly from one cell to the next. In contrast, in the chemical synapse, the neurotransmitters carry the information through the synaptic cleft from one neuron to the next. They consist of two...
Gap junctions allow the current to pass directly from one cell to the next. In contrast, in the chemical synapse, the neurotransmitters carry the information through the synaptic cleft from one neuron to the next. They consist of two...
8.2K
01:25Neural Circuits
1.0K
Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
1.0K
01:25Overview of Synapses
2.1K
A synapse is a specialized structure where two neurons connect, allowing them to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron. It is the point of communication between neurons. The term "synapse" is derived from the Greek word "synapsis," which means "conjunction." The entire process of neural communication revolves around the synapse. When activated, a neuron releases chemicals known as neurotransmitters into the synapse. These neurotransmitters cross the...
2.1K
01:26Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane
10.8K
Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
In 1993, Jim Rothman proposed that the antiparallel pairing of vesicular and transmembrane SNAREs, or...
In 1993, Jim Rothman proposed that the antiparallel pairing of vesicular and transmembrane SNAREs, or...
10.8K