在年轻和年长的成年人中,对数字单任务和多任务需求的生理应激反应
Linda Becker1, Tamara Martin2, Nicolas Rohleder1
1Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Psychology, Health Psychology, Nägelsbachstr. 49a, Erlangen 91052, Germany.
Psychoneuroendocrinology
|February 2, 2025
概括
与年轻人相比,老年人表现出多任务能力下降和自主神经系统 (ANS) 响应在苛刻的任务中增加. 这表明压力对认知负载的反应性与年龄相关的差异.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
背景情况:
- 多任务 (MT) 性能在整个使用寿命中各不相同.
- 老年人对MT需求的生理应激反应尚未得到充分理解.
研究的目的:
- 研究与年轻人相比,老年人对MT需求的生理应激反应 (自主神经系统[ANS]和下丘脑-垂体上腺[HPA]轴).
- 研究不同年龄段的MT表现与生理应激反应之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 106名年轻人 (平均年龄22.8岁) 和113名老年人 (平均年龄70.9岁) 被分配给单任务 (ST) 或MT条件.
- 参与者完成了一项句子验证任务,该任务被通知中断 (MT条件).
- 通过ANS (心率) 和HPA轴 (皮质醇) 指标来测量生理压力.
主要成果:
- 在MT条件下,老年人表现较差,主要任务的表现较差.
- 所有参与者都报告感知到压力.
- 年长的成年人在MT条件下表现出心率变化增加,这表明ANS激活增加.
- 所有参与者的皮质醇水平都下降,没有观察到HPA轴的显著差异.
结论:
- 多任务性能随着年龄的增长而下降,这可能与老年人增加的ANS应激反应有关.
- 结果部分支持特异性假设,表明认知压力因素主要引起ANS,而不是HPA轴,反应.
- 对更复杂的任务和经验和教育等因素需要进行进一步的研究.
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