免疫功能低下的人仍然面临COVID-19的风险:2023年来自INFORM观察研究的结果
Jennifer K Quint1, Sabada Dube2, Lucy Carty3
1School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
The Journal of infection
|February 2, 2025
概括
免疫功能低下的人面临更高的COVID-19风险,尽管疫苗接种率增加,但住院和死亡人数不成比例. 这凸显了针对这一弱势群体的有针对性的干预措施的持续需求.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- COVID-19 疫情继续不成比例地影响免疫力低下的人群.
- 了解COVID-19对这一群体的持续影响对于公共卫生战略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在2023年期间,在英格兰的免疫功能低下个体中描述COVID-19的严重程度,死亡率和医疗保健利用率.
- 为了比较免疫受损和非免疫受损人群之间的这些结果.
主要方法:
- 一个回顾性队列研究,使用电子健康记录从英格兰人口的25%样本 (n=12,056,685) 年龄≥12年.
- 对2023年1月1日至12月31日COVID-19相关住院,死亡和医疗保健利用情况的分析.
- 调整后发生率比率 (aIRRs) 的估计,比较免疫受损和非免疫受损的个体.
主要成果:
- 免疫功能低下的人,占研究人口的4.0%,占COVID-19住院病例的21.7%,死亡人数的21.9%.
- 免疫功能低下个体的风险增加:住院的aIRR为2.04,死亡为1.69.
- 在免疫功能低下者中,COVID-19的医疗保健利用率更高:GP咨询的aIRR为2.26,A&E/day病例访问为3.02,尽管疫苗接种率更高 (72.6%对4剂以上的29.8%).
结论:
- 免疫受损的个体仍然不成比例地受到COVID-19的影响,即使疫苗接种力度增加.
- 调查结果强调,持续需要加强COVID-19干预措施,并支持免疫受损人群.
- 这项研究强调了免疫力低下个体对严重的COVID-19结果的持续脆弱性.
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