在正规和非正规情况下为难民和移民部署和采用COVID-19疫苗:混合方法多国研究
Pierina Benavente1, Vinay N Kampalath2,3, Moussa Lonkila Zan4
1Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Pandemic Centre, Bergen, Norway.
BMJ open
|February 2, 2025
概括
难民和移民中COVID-19疫苗覆盖率很高,但不信任和文件问题等重大障碍仍然存在. 通过包容性政策和有针对性的运动来解决这些问题,对于公平的疫苗接种至关重要.
科学领域:
- 全球健康 全球健康
- 公共卫生政策 公共卫生政策
- 移民研究 移民研究
背景情况:
- 随着COVID-19大流行,弱势移民和难民群体的健康不平等状况更加恶化.
- 移民和难民面临着更高的感染风险,有限的医疗保健和歧视.
- 包容性疫苗接种策略至关重要,但面临着持续的障碍.
研究的目的:
- 在低收入和中等收入国家的难民和移民中确定COVID-19疫苗接种的障碍和促进者.
- 在这些人群中估计疫苗接种覆盖率.
- 为有效的疫苗推广提供包容性政策的信息.
主要方法:
- 在五个国家 (厄瓜多尔,尼泊尔,巴基斯坦,菲律宾,卢旺达) 进行混合方法研究.
- 第一个阶段:政策分析,采访和重点小组与52个关键信息人员.
- 第二阶段:对1378名难民和移民 (正规和非正规情况) 进行横截面调查,使用描述性分析和COVID-19疫苗公平指数 (CVEI).
主要成果:
- 87%的受访者至少接种了一剂COVID-19疫苗;难民报告的接种率高于不规则情况下的移民.
- 定性数据揭示了早期的延误和不平等.
- 主要障碍:不信任,长时间等待,距离,歧视,缺乏文件,以及对不良反应的恐惧.
- 主要促进者:可访问的中心,清晰的信息,有针对性的运动,免费接种疫苗和利他主义的动机.
结论:
- 难民和移民中存在高的COVID-19疫苗覆盖率,但发现了重大实施障碍.
- 建议包括简化注册,有针对性的活动,针对弱势群体的移动团队,以及与东道当局建立信任.
- 这些措施对于未来的包容性疫苗部署至关重要.
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