净资产贫困和儿童福利:黑人和白人之间的差异
Christina Gibson-Davis1, Lisa A Keister2, Lisa A Gennetian1
1Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States.
Children and youth services review
|February 3, 2025
概括
净资产贫困对白人儿童的发展产生负面影响,但对黑人儿童的影响不大. 资产贫困对黑人儿童的影响不那么严重,而债务贫困没有影响,解释了这些差异.
科学领域:
- 社会经济因素社会经济因素
- 儿童发展 儿童发展
- 财富的种族差异 在财富的种族差异.
背景情况:
- 净财富贫困,定义为财富低于联邦贫困线的25%,与不利的儿童发展结果有关.
- 资产贫困带来了比债务贫困更大的发展风险.
- 结构性不平等导致黑人家庭的资产贫困率更高,这表明黑人儿童面临的风险不成比例.
研究的目的:
- 研究黑人和白人儿童的净资产贫困,资产贫困,债务贫困和学术/行为结果之间的关系.
- 确定净财富贫困是否不成比例地影响黑人儿童与白人儿童相比.
主要方法:
- 利用了收入动态小组研究及其儿童发展研究 (2002-2019) 的数据.
- 包括3,164名黑人和3,578名3至17岁的白人儿童.
- 使用回归模型来评估贫困指标 (净资产,收入,资产,债务) 与儿童的结果 (阅读/数学成绩,外部化/内部化行为).
主要成果:
- 对于白人儿童来说,净资产贫困,资产贫困和债务贫困与更糟糕的结果有关,控制收入贫困.
- 与假设相反,净资产贫困并不是黑人儿童的重要预测因素.
- 资产贫困对黑人儿童有负面影响,但对白人儿童的负面影响只有白人的一半;债务贫困没有显著影响.
结论:
- 资产和债务贫困的影响差异解释了为什么净资产贫困对黑人儿童来说并不有害.
- 财富剥夺在贫困研究中至关重要,其影响因种族而异.
- 调查结果强调需要考虑特定种族的分析,以了解贫困对儿童发展的影响.
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