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皇冠群鸟在失飞后的羽毛演变:放松的选择和发育约束

Evan T Saitta¹, Lilja Balaji², Jonathan S Mitchell³

¹Life Sciences Section, Field Museum of Natural History, Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Chicago, IL, United States.

Evolution; international journal of organic evolution

|February 3, 2025

概括

羽毛不对称性随着不飞行而减少,特别是在飞行羽毛中,这表明飞行适应的选择放松了. 在最近无法飞行的鸟类中,宏观的变化更为明显,而微观的羽毛特征显示出更慢的进化.

科学领域:

进化生物学是进化的生物学.
古生物学的古生物学
鸟类的解剖学鸟类的解剖学

背景情况:

羽毛是复杂的结构,在鸟类物种中具有不同的形式和功能.
在许多鸟类血统中,无飞能力是独立进化的.
之前的研究已经记录了失去了飞行对感官,神经解剖学和骨肌肉结构的影响.

研究的目的:

为了研究失飞对羽毛形态和结构的影响.
为了比较无法飞行和飞行鸟类类别之间的羽毛指标.
了解羽毛在失去了飞行能力后适应的进化轨迹.

主要方法:

测量了30种无法飞行的种群及其最接近的飞行类亲属的羽毛上11种羽毛指标.
综合了27个独立的失飞事件进行的比较分析.
遗传学比较方法来分析羽毛特征的演化.

主要成果:

羽毛不对称性,通过角差异来衡量,在不飞行的血统中减少,特别是在飞行羽毛中.
最大的羽毛解剖学变化是在古老的不飞的血统中观察到的,比如企和类动物.
微观的羽毛特征与体重增加和翅膀/尾巴尺寸的减少相比显示出有限的修改,羽翼对称性变化更为明显.

结论:

轻松选择飞行不会导致羽毛飞行适应的快速修改,除了不对称.
发育约束和对新鲜羽毛形态的放松选择影响观察到的变化.
飞行器械的宏观变化更能表明最近的失飞,而羽毛对称度的增加可以作为微观指标.

关键词:

鸟类鸟类鸟类鸟类鸟类发展上的限制.羽毛羽毛羽毛羽毛羽毛宏观演变的发生.自然选择自然选择放松的选择选择.

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