性别和性别少数群体中的死亡率:系统性审查
Corinne E Zachry1, Rory P O'Brien1, Kirsty A Clark2
1Center for LGBTQ+ Health Equity, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
PloS one
|February 3, 2025
概括
与非SGM人口相比,性和性别少数群体 (SGM) 个人面临的死亡风险更高. 这一系统性审查发现了证据,表明SGM患者因各种原因的死亡率较高.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 健康的社会决定因素
背景情况:
- 性和性别少数群体 (SGM) 的人口经历了显著的健康差异.
- 现有的研究将贫困等社会决定因素与一般人口死亡率联系起来.
- 对SGM个体的特定死亡风险仍未得到充分研究.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和综合有关性和性别少数群体死亡率的证据.
- 为了比较SGM和非SGM (仅限异性恋和 cisgender) 个体之间的死亡结果.
- 发现SGM死亡率当前研究中的差距和异质性.
主要方法:
- 对同行评审的,测量性取向或性别认同 (SOGI) 的英语研究进行系统审查.
- 纳入标准侧重于死亡结果和SGM和非SGM组之间的比较.
- 美国国家卫生研究院 (NIH) 质量评估工具用于评估43项纳入研究 (38项来自数据库,5项来自参考文献).
主要成果:
- 在43项研究中,有14项 (32.6%) 支持SGM个体的死亡率更高.
- 28项研究 (65.1%) 提供了部分支持,表明某些原因的死亡率较高,而不是其他原因.
- 一项研究 (2.3%) 没有发现SGM种群死亡率增加的证据.
结论:
- 研究结果表明,与非SGM个体相比,性和性别少数群体的死亡风险较高.
- 在研究中如何定义SGM种群存在相当大的异质性.
- 在死亡率监测中标准化SOGI措施对于理解和解决健康差异至关重要.
相关概念视频
01:27Ethnic Identity within a Larger Culture
28
Adolescents from ethnic minority backgrounds face a multifaceted journey in forming their identities, shaped by the intersections of cultural expectations and personal exploration. For these adolescents, identity formation involves not only typical developmental challenges but also navigating the perceptions and attitudes of the majority culture. As they grow, adolescents in ethnic minority groups often become increasingly aware of stereotypes, social biases, and discrimination, all of which...
28
02:12Relationship Formation
39.7K
What do you think is the single most influential factor in determining with whom you become friends and whom you form romantic relationships? You might be surprised to learn that the answer is simple: the people with whom you have the most contact. This most important factor is proximity. You are more likely to be friends with people you have regular contact with. For example, there are decades of research that shows that you are more likely to become friends with people who live in your dorm,...
39.7K
02:20Longitudinal Research
11.8K
Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
11.8K
01:20Comparing the Survival Analysis of Two or More Groups
131
Survival analysis is a cornerstone of medical research, used to evaluate the time until an event of interest occurs, such as death, disease recurrence, or recovery. Unlike standard statistical methods, survival analysis is particularly adept at handling censored data—instances where the event has not occurred for some participants by the end of the study or remains unobserved. To address these unique challenges, specialized techniques like the Kaplan-Meier estimator, log-rank test, and...
131
01:20Actuarial Approach
57
The actuarial approach, a statistical method originally developed for life insurance risk assessment, is widely used to calculate survival rates in clinical and population studies. This method accounts for participants lost to follow-up or those who die from causes unrelated to the study, ensuring a more accurate representation of survival probabilities.
Consider the example of a high-risk surgical procedure with significant early-stage mortality. A two-year clinical study is conducted,...
Consider the example of a high-risk surgical procedure with significant early-stage mortality. A two-year clinical study is conducted,...
57
01:21Cancer Survival Analysis
321
Cancer survival analysis focuses on quantifying and interpreting the time from a key starting point, such as diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, to a specific endpoint, such as remission or death. This analysis provides critical insights into treatment effectiveness and factors that influence patient outcomes, helping to shape clinical decisions and guide prognostic evaluations. A cornerstone of oncology research, survival analysis tackles the challenges of skewed, non-normally...
321