患有自闭症的可能性很高的婴儿对母语和非母语的非典型早期神经反应
Lauren Wagner1, Megan Banchik2, Tawny Tsang3
1Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Molecular autism
|February 3, 2025
概括
患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的高家族风险的婴儿对言语表现出异常的大脑反应,并无法区分母语和新语言. 这表明,婴儿在语言处理中的早期神经差异可能会在以后发展为ASD.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 语言学的语言学.
背景情况:
- 在自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 中,语言困难很普遍.
- 患有自闭症儿童的婴儿兄弟姐妹患有自闭症的可能性更高,并且经常表现出语言延迟.
- 早期识别语言处理差异对于干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究9个月大的婴儿语言处理中的神经差异,这些婴儿具有高 (HL) 和典型 (TL) 的ASD家族概率.
- 通过fMRI检查HL和TL婴儿如何处理母语 (英语) 和小说 (日语) 的语言.
- 确定与ASD相关的语言障碍的早期生物标志物.
主要方法:
- 功能性磁共振成像 (fMRI) 用于睡觉的9个月大的婴儿.
- 婴儿接触到母语英语和新的日本语音刺激.
- 进行了全脑和感兴趣区域分析,以比较HL和TL组之间的神经活动.
主要成果:
- HL 婴儿表现出与语音相关的整体脑反应减少,特别是在左侧的时语言区域.
- 与TL婴儿不同的是,HL婴儿没有表现出母语和新语言之间的神经歧视.
- 在HL婴儿中观察到非典型的语音处理侧面化,特别是对母语的左侧侧面化失败.
结论:
- 这是第一个显示自闭症相关异常在婴儿母语吸收的fMRI研究.
- 研究结果表明,在ASD中语言延迟的基础是神经发育.
- 早期发现这些神经差异可以为在风险婴儿中语言障碍的及时干预提供信息.
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