为儿童提供可持续的混合饮食,不影响营养需求:维生素B12问题
Hermann Kalhoff1, Mathilde Kersting1, Kathrin Sinningen1
1Research Department of Child Nutrition, University Hospital of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, St. Josef-Hospital Ruhr-University Bochum Bochum Germany.
Food science & nutrition
|February 4, 2025
概括
为应对气候变化而减少动物性食品可能会危及儿童的维生素B12摄入量. 德国饮食指南显示,牛奶对维生素B12至关重要,肉类,鱼类和蛋也会有所贡献. 为了地球和个人的健康,需要谨慎的平衡.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 环境健康 环境健康
背景情况:
- 全球气候变化需要改变饮食,特别是减少富裕国家的动物性食品.
- 动物性食品是维生素B12 (科巴胺) 的主要饮食来源.
- 对维生素B12供应的潜在影响,特别是对儿童等弱势群体的潜在影响,需要进行检查.
研究的目的:
- 评估减少动物性食品消费对德国婴儿,儿童和青少年维生素B12摄入量的潜在影响.
- 基于不同年龄组的德国基于食物的饮食指南,模拟维生素B12供应.
- 确定有助于维生素B12摄入量的关键动物性食品来源.
主要方法:
- 模型计算使用德国基于食物的饮食指南,用于四个代表性年龄组:纯牛奶养 (2个月),补充养 (8个月),儿童 (4-6岁) 和青少年 (11-14岁).
- 分析7天菜单与食谱,以确定动物性食品组 (牛奶/乳制品,肉类,鱼类,蛋) 对每日维生素B12摄入量的贡献.
- 评估因排除特定食品组而导致的潜在维生素B12缺乏症.
主要成果:
- 在指导饮食中的维生素B12摄入量,包括纯母乳养,在所有被检查的年龄组中几乎没有达到参考值.
- 牛奶被确定为补充养的婴儿,儿童和青少年最重要的维生素B12来源.
- 在其他动物来源中,肉类对维生素B12摄入量贡献了16.9%-23.0%,鱼类11.0%-16.5%,蛋8.1%.
结论:
- 为了地球健康而减少牛奶消费显著影响了婴儿,儿童和青少年遵循德国饮食指南的维生素B12摄入量.
- 为了获得环境效益,必须仔细权衡减少动物食品消费的风险和营养素摄入不足的风险,特别是维生素B12.
- 促进地球健康的饮食建议需要考虑动物来源的营养素,如维生素B12对儿童发育的重要作用.
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