社会遗传学世界的交叉性:种族,残疾,社会经济地位和多基因预测如何相互作用,影响对教育轨迹的看法?
Lucas J Matthews1, Daphne O Martschenko2, Colby Lewis V3
1Division of Ethics, Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University, New York, NY; The Hastings Center, Garrison, NY.
概括
教育成就的多基因分数 (EA-PGS) 显著影响学生潜力的看法,与种族,残疾和社会经济地位相互作用. 这些遗传分数可以加强教育安置决策中现有的社会偏见.
科学领域:
- 遗传学与教育学
- 健康的社会决定因素
- 教育心理学教育心理学
背景情况:
- 学生安置决策对于教育成功至关重要,但可能受到社会偏见的影响.
- 越来越多的基因组信息,如多基因分数的可用性,提出了可能影响教育轨迹的新因素.
- 了解这些分数如何与现有的社会因素相交,对于公平的教育实践至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估多基因分数对教育成就 (EA-PGS),种族,残疾和社会经济地位的交叉影响,对美国成年人对教育轨迹的看法.
- 调查EA-PGS的不同水平,加上人口因素,如何影响对儿童教育路径的看法.
主要方法:
- 一个在线实验调查设计,涉及1367名美国成年人.
- 随机化为16个条件,每个条件都有一个男孩 (迈克尔) 的标签,具有不同的种族,残疾状况,社会经济地位和EA-PGS.
- 受访者回答了关于迈克尔立即和长期教育成果的多选题.
主要成果:
- 欧亚-PGS强烈影响了对即时教育计划 (一般,特殊,有天赋),高中毕业和最高学位的期望.
- 高的EA-PGS与更具社会意义的结果有关,而低的EA-PGS与更不理想的结果有关.
- 观察到EA-PGS与种族,残疾和社会经济地位之间的相互作用,表明对感知的复合影响.
结论:
- 关于儿童EA-PGS的信息可以塑造人们对其教育未来的看法,并可能强化现有的刻板印象.
- 低EA-PGS对教育成果的负面影响与高EA-PGS的影响相当.
- 经过EA-PGS的解释,可能会加剧与儿童的种族,残疾和社会经济地位有关的偏见.
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