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杀虫剂和除草剂对耳的非目标作用
Aldo Hanel1, Louis B Nottingham1,2, Tobin D Northfield1,3
1Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
Journal of economic entomology
|February 4, 2025
概括
杀虫剂可以伤害有益的昆虫,如欧洲耳 (Forficula auricularia),这是果园中的一个主要捕食者. 一些除草剂和杀虫剂减少了耳的捕食,影响了生物害虫控制策略.
科学领域:
- 农业昆虫学 农业昆虫学
- 虫害管理 虫害管理 虫害管理
- 保护生物控制 保护生物控制
背景情况:
- 欧洲耳 (Forficula auricularia) 是温带树果作物中害虫的重要自然敌人.
- 果园杀虫剂的使用,特别是除草剂,对耳有潜在的风险,但非目标效应缺乏研究.
- 耳的地面食行为增加了它们对果园中应用的农药的暴露.
研究的目的:
- 评估常用的果园农药对成年雌性欧洲耳的致命和次致命影响.
- 评估农药残留物对耳虫掠食率对虫的影响.
主要方法:
- 测试了8种杀虫剂和7种除草剂对耳生存,运动和捕食的影响.
- 在实验室条件下暴露于农药残留物的成年雌性耳.
- 在72小时内测量致命效应以及对移动和掠食率的次致命效应.
主要成果:
- 帕拉奎特,葡萄酸盐 (除草剂) 和刺 (杀虫剂) 对耳具有急性毒性.
- 没有测试过的杀虫剂显著改变了耳的运动或休息行为.
- 斯皮诺萨德,兰利 (杀虫剂) 和2,4-D,葡萄酸盐,硫,硫,氧化 (除草剂) 降低了耳捕食效率.
结论:
- 某些除草剂和杀虫剂对欧洲虫构成重大风险,可能会破坏生物控制.
- 杀虫剂的选择和时间在果园中非常重要,因为果园使用耳来控制害虫.
- 需要进行进一步的研究,以优化农药的使用,用于涉及耳的综合性害虫管理计划.
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