自闭症谱系障碍中的感官处理:儿童群体中对异音和超声障碍的洞察力
Manasi Sadanand Katikar1, Anuprarthana Devi1, Prashanth Prabhu2
1All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysuru, India.
International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology
|February 4, 2025
概括
在患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的儿童中,误声和超声是常见的,影响了近一半的参与者. 这些声音敏感性似乎在女孩中更为普遍,突出了需要性别特定干预的需要.
科学领域:
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 感官处理 感官处理
- 儿科心理学 儿科心理学
背景情况:
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的特点是社会沟通缺陷和限制性,重复性的行为.
- 感官处理挑战,包括对声音的过敏,经常在患有自闭症的儿童中观察到.
- 误声症 (选择性声音敏感性) 和超声症 (声音不耐受) 是特定的听觉处理困难,可以显著影响日常生活.
研究的目的:
- 确定被诊断为自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的儿童中失声声和超声的患病率.
- 调查儿童ASD人口中这些声音敏感性发生的潜在性别差异.
- 探索这些感官挑战对日常功能及其与年龄的关系的影响.
主要方法:
- 一组60名 (2-12岁) 患有自闭症和相关神经发育疾病的儿童参加了这项研究.
- 父母填写了经过验证的问卷,评估了失声症和超声症的影响和严重程度.
- 用频率分布和斯皮尔曼等级相关性分析数据,以评估与年龄的关联.
主要成果:
- 45%的参与者患有失声症,38%的参与者患有超声症.
- 与男性相比,女性参与者表现出异音 (50%) 和超声 (43%) 的患病率略高 (分别为43%和37%).
- 没有发现参与者的年龄和失声症或超声症的严重程度之间存在显著的相关性.
结论:
- 误听和听力过度是ASD儿童常见的感官问题,女性的患病率更高的趋势显著.
- 这些声音敏感性在发育阶段是持久的,在女性中可能更明显.
- 早期,以性别为基础,以感官为重点的干预措施对于提高ASD儿童的生活质量和功能结果至关重要.
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