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相关概念视频

Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation01:28

Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation

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Nuclear relaxation restores the equilibrium population imbalance and can occur via spin–lattice or spin–spin mechanisms, which are first-order exponential decay processes.
In spin–lattice or longitudinal relaxation, the excited spins exchange energy with the surrounding lattice as they return to the lower energy level. Among several mechanisms that contribute to spin–lattice relaxation, magnetic dipolar interactions are significant. Here, the excited nucleus transfers...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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Controlled nuclear fission reactions are used to generate electricity. Any nuclear reactor that produces power via the fission of uranium or plutonium by bombardment with neutrons has six components: nuclear fuel consisting of fissionable material, a nuclear moderator, a neutron source, control rods, reactor coolant, and a shield and containment system.
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Random Error01:04

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Random or indeterminate errors originate from various uncontrollable variables, such as variations in environmental conditions, instrument imperfections, or the inherent variability of the phenomena being measured. Usually, these errors cannot be predicted, estimated, or characterized because their direction and magnitude often vary in magnitude and direction even during consecutive measurements. As a result, they are difficult to eliminate. However, the aggregate effect of these errors can be...
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Nuclear Transmutation03:20

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Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

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Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
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相关实验视频

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Laser-heating and Radiance Spectrometry for the Study of Nuclear Materials in Conditions Simulating a Nuclear Power Plant Accident
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源代码是核事故的反转,随机释放的持续时间基于机器学习.

Wendong Yang1, Yifei Wu1, Wenbao Jia1

  • 1Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China.

Journal of hazardous materials
|February 4, 2025
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概括

一个使用长期短期记忆 (LSTM) 神经网络的新机器学习模型准确地估计了核事故期间放射性核素释放率和持续时间. 这种先进的源代码术语反转方法减少了对先前数据的依赖,提高了应急响应能力.

关键词:
这是LSTM的LSTM.核事故 核事故 核事故源头术语反向的反转.

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科学领域:

  • 核工程 核工程是指核工程.
  • 环境科学 环境科学
  • 数据科学数据科学数据科学

背景情况:

  • 核事故释放有害的放射性核酸,需要准确的环境和健康影响评估.
  • 传统的源代词反转方法与先前信息依赖性和场景适应性作斗争.
  • 机器学习提供了一种有希望的方法来克服核事故后果评估中的这些局限性.

研究的目的:

  • 开发和验证使用长短期记忆 (LSTM) 神经网络的新型源代码反转模型.
  • 准确确定核事故期间的放射性核素释放速度和持续时间,即使释放时间不清楚.
  • 通过为核事故后果评估提供可靠的数据,加强紧急决策.

主要方法:

  • 长期短期记忆 (LSTM) 神经网络被用于源代码反转.
  • 该模型使用Optuna算法进行了优化,以提高性能.
  • 测试涉及一个核事故场景,具有不同的核化物 (Kr-88,Te-132,I-131) 和气象条件.

主要成果:

  • 对于释放持续时间预测 (1-120分钟),LSTM模型实现了低于20%的平均绝对百分比误差 (MAPE).
  • 对于Kr-88,Te-132和I-131的MAPE释放率分别为19.68%,10.83%和28.63% (持续时间为1-30分钟).
  • 马剂量速率是最关键的输入,释放持续时间显示出最高的灵敏度;该模型证明了对气象变化的稳定性.

结论:

  • 拟议的基于LSTM的源术语反转模型有效地估计了释放率和持续时间,减少了对先前信息的依赖.
  • 该模型的准确性和稳定性使其成为在核事故发生后支持应急响应和决策的宝贵工具.
  • 建议对各种事故场景和气象条件进行进一步验证,以充分确定其运行实用性.