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避免在达尔文主义蜜蜂养殖中忍受寄生虫的悲剧

Nina A Sokolov¹, Mike Boots^1,2, Lewis J Bartlett^3,4

¹Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

Proceedings. Biological sciences

|February 4, 2025

概括

基于生存的养蜂可能无意中选择耐受性,而不是对蜜蜂的Varroa虫的抵抗性. 这可能会通过增加病原体溢出和毒性对野生蜜蜂种群产生负面影响.

科学领域:

进化生态学的进化生态学
养蜂养蜂养蜂养蜂养蜂养蜂养蜂养蜂
授粉者健康授粉者健康

背景情况:

蜜蜂的数量下降是由寄生虫加剧的,例如瓦罗亚破坏性虫,这是对西方蜜蜂 (蜜蜂蜜蜂) (Apis mellifera) 的重大威胁.
目前的养蜂实践,如以生存为基础的繁殖,旨在减轻瓦罗亚的影响.
对寄生虫的宿主耐药性和耐受性之间的区别对于理解进化结果至关重要.

研究的目的:

评估以生存为基础的养蜂是否对蜜蜂的Varroa耐药性或耐受性进行选择.
讨论精选的虫相互作用对更广泛的授粉者健康的影响.
为蜜蜂提出生态负责任的管理策略.

主要方法:

应用到养蜂的进化生态原理的概念分析.
区分宿主抗性 (减少寄生虫负载) 和耐受性 (尽量减少宿主损伤).
检查蜜蜂寄生虫动态对野生蜜蜂种群的流行病学影响.

主要成果:

基于生存的养蜂可能无意中选择蜜蜂对瓦罗亚虫的耐受性,而不是耐药性.
耐受性不会减少虫的数量,可能导致病原体溢出增加.
病原体可能会在野生蜜蜂中演变为更强的毒性,这是由于耐受性蜜蜂种群的溢出,从而造成"耐受性的悲剧".

结论:

蜜蜂育种计划必须专门选择低水平的瓦罗亚虫 (耐药性),以避免对野生授粉者产生负面影响.
了解宿主寄生虫相互作用的进化生态对于可持续的蜜蜂养殖至关重要.
对生态负责任的蜜蜂管理可以帮助减轻对传粉者整体健康的风险.

关键词:

疾病疾病疾病疾病蜂蜜蜜蜂蜜蜂蜂蜜蜂蜂蜜蜂蜜蜂蜂蜜蜂蜜蜂蜂蜜蜂蜜蜂蜜蜂蜜蜂蜜蜂蜜蜂蜜蜂蜜蜂蜜蜂蜜蜂蜜蜂蜜蜂蜜蜂蜜蜂蜜蜂蜜蜂蜜蜂蜜蜂蜜蜂蜜蜂蜜蜂蜜蜂蜜蜂蜜蜂蜜蜂蜜蜂蜜蜂蜜蜂蜜蜂蜜蜂寄生虫寄生虫是一种寄生虫.电阻的电阻是指电阻的电阻这是一个宽容的宽容度.瓦罗亚·瓦罗亚 (Varroa Varroa) 是一个

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