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提高粮食安全,同时减少环境影响:对种植灌系统的生命周期评估和在田收获差距的缩小

Abdullah Darzi-Naftchali^1,2, Markus Berger², Fereshteh Batoukhteh¹

¹Water Engineering Department, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.

|February 5, 2025

概括

干燥直接播种米与滴灌 (DDSR-D) 显著提高水和能源生产率,同时减少环境影响. 这种方法提供了一种可持续的米种植方法,有助于实现粮食安全和环境目标.

科学领域:

农业科学农业科学
环境科学环境科学
可持续性研究可持续性研究

背景情况:

粮食和水资源安全是全球面临的关键挑战,传统农业带来的环境负担加剧了这一问题.
米种植对水资源和环境产生重大影响,需要可持续的生产方法.
干燥直接种植大米 (DDSR) 和降低产量差距 (YG) 显示出改善水生产率 (WP) 和粮食生产的希望,但它们的环境影响 (EI) 需要彻底评估.

研究的目的:

分析五种水灌系统对环境的影响 (EI).
评估这些系统的能源生产率 (EP) 和水生产率 (WP).
引入和评估YG减少 (EE) 指数的环境效率.

主要方法:

使用了生命周期评估 (LCA) 和农民的现场数据.
分析了连续灌 (T-CF),交替灌和干燥 (T-AWD),滴水灌 (DDSR-D),喷水灌 (DDSR-S) 和道灌 (DDSR-F) 的环境影响 (EI).
计算了能源生产率 (EP),水生产率 (WP) 和YG减少 (EE) 指数的环境效率.

主要成果:

与其他系统相比,DDSR-D显著减少了用水 (61-200%),电力 (14-64%),柴油 (7-98%),机械使用 (13-46%).
DDSR-D实现了最高的水产量,超过了T-CF,T-AWD,DDSR-S和DDSR-F的3.8-18.4%.
与移植相比,DDSR使EP增加了19.2%,WP增加了63.8%,同时使CH4和CO2排放量分别减少了26.5%和95.4%. 与其他系统相比,DDSR-D的总EI降低了3.1-36.3%.
敏感性分析显示,电力和柴油消费对能源消费的影响最大. 能源效应指数表明,较低的产量对环境退化有更多的贡献.

结论:

干燥直接播种的水滴灌 (DDSR-D) 提供了大量的环境效益,包括减少资源消耗和排放.
将YG减少策略与DDSR-D整合起来,可以提高大米生产的环境可持续性.
采用DDSR-D有助于实现与粮食安全和环境保护有关的可持续发展目标.

关键词:

滴灌方式的灌方式.干式直播播种植方式生命周期评估生命周期评估水的生产力水的生产力.收益率收益率是指收益率.

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