动物传染病在全球荒野城市界面中的宿主财富
Rohan D Simkin1, Barbara A Han2, Volker C Radeloff3
1Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Global change biology
|February 5, 2025
概括
野生土地与城市界面 (WUI) 带来了显著的动物传播疾病风险,特别是在中低收入国家. 在WUI区域的高宿主丰富性威胁到数百万人,突出突出全球监测需求.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 人类定居点越来越多地与野地重叠,创造了野地-城市界面 (WUI).
- 虽然WUI是动物传染病原体传播的关键区域,但其对疾病风险的贡献还未得到充分研究.
- 随着COVID-19的流行,人们越来越需要了解城市化人口的疾病风险.
研究的目的:
- 评估野生土地与城市界面内的全球动物性传染病风险.
- 确定在WUI中最容易受到动物性传染病溢出影响的种群和地理区域.
- 为扩大WUI区域中动物传播疾病监测的全球优先事项提供信息.
主要方法:
- 在野地与城市接口 (WUI) 区域中对宿主物种丰富性的全球分析.
- 绘制居住在具有高动物感染潜力的地区的WUI种群的地图.
- 在中低收入国家 (LMICs) 整合社会经济脆弱性因素.
主要成果:
- 低级主机丰富性在全球WUI中普遍存在.
- 20%的WUI人口 (超过5.2亿人) 居住在具有高动物感染潜力的地区 (>20个宿主物种).
- 高风险地区集中在LMICs,特别是在非洲,巴西,中美洲和东南亚,贫困加剧了脆弱性.
结论:
- 在WUI内的LMIC地区的人口面临着高动物感染潜力和脆弱性的双重威胁.
- 在快速扩张的WUI地区,迫切需要对动物传播疾病暴露的全球监测.
- 在高风险WUI地区进行有针对性的监测对于预防未来的流行病至关重要.
相关概念视频
Threats to Biodiversity
22.1K
There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
22.1K
Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift
57.9K
In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
57.9K
Habitat Fragmentation
17.4K
Habitat fragmentation describes the division of a more extensive, continuous habitat into smaller, discontinuous areas. Human activities such as land conversion, as well as slower geological processes leading to changes in the physical environment, are the two leading causes of habitat fragmentation. The fragmentation process typically follows the same steps: perforation, dissection, fragmentation, shrinkage, and attrition.
17.4K
Ecological Niches
23.5K
All organisms have a position within an ecosystem. The complete set of living and nonliving factors—including food resources, climate, and terrain—that define the position of a given organism are collectively referred to as the organism’s ecological niche.
23.5K
Viral Recombination
23.2K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
23.2K
Symbiosis
27.3K
Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...
27.3K


