在密集的工业育种下的演变:历史和现代猪血统之间的头骨大小和形状比较
A Haruda1,2, A Evin3, F Steinheimer1
1Central Natural Science Collections, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
Royal Society open science
|February 6, 2025
概括
由于人类的选择,家养猪的头骨形态迅速发生了变化,尽管遗传隔离,但表现出血统之间的融合. 这凸显了动物表型如何快速反映人类的繁殖努力.
科学领域:
- 动物学 动物学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 古生物学的古生物学
背景情况:
- 化和选择性育种极大地改变了动物的形态,特别是在家猪身上.
- 家养猪和野猪之间的头骨形态差异已知,但密集繁殖的影响不太清楚.
研究的目的:
- 在20世纪密集繁殖的德国家养猪中调查头骨形态变化的速度和方向.
- 将两种家猪血统的表型变化与同时代的德国野猪种群进行比较.
主要方法:
- 在135个标本上利用几何形态测量,分析了82个三维地标.
- 在骨形态学的量化大小和形状变化.
主要成果:
- 证实了野猪和家猪之间的预期头骨形状差异.
- 观察到一个世纪以来,尽管存在遗传分离,但两种家养猪血统之间的头骨形态趋同.
- 形态迅速响应了独立于遗传隔离的选择压力.
结论:
- 密集繁殖迅速塑造了家猪头骨形态,证明了人类对动物表型的影响.
- 这种快速的适应提供了关于早期人类在历史和古代环境中的育种实践的见解.
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