抵抗和耐力运动训练对大腿动脉功能的影响:人类的性别差异
Daniel J Green1, Hannah J Thomas1, Channa E Marsh1
1School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
The Journal of physiology
|February 7, 2025
概括
耐力训练可以显著改善股骨动脉的功能和直径,而不是抵抗训练. 虽然两性都从耐力训练中受益,但只有男性在耐力训练中表现出改善,强调运动方式和性别是动脉适应的关键因素.
科学领域:
- 心血管生理学心血管生理学
- 运动科学 运动科学
- 动脉功能 动脉功能
背景情况:
- 运动提供抗动脉产生效益,通过对动脉健康的直接血液动力学影响降低心血管疾病风险.
- 不同的运动方式对动脉血液动力学有不同的影响,但对其对动脉适应的影响的直接对象内比较是有限的.
- 了解这些差异对于优化运动处方以获得个人心血管益处至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较耐力 (END) 与阻力 (RES) 训练对健康年轻成年人大腿动脉功能和直径的影响.
- 为了测试假设,由于持续的剪切应力,END训练会比RES训练对动脉功能产生更大的改善.
- 研究动脉适应不同运动方式的潜在基于性别的差异.
主要方法:
- 一个随机的交叉设计研究,涉及39名健康的年轻参与者 (26.9±6.2岁).
- 参与者完成了12周的END培训和12周的RES培训,分开12周的洗期.
- 在每个干预期之前和之后测量休息的股骨动脉直径和流介导扩张 (FMD).
主要成果:
- 耐力训练显著增加了口病 (1.61 ± 3.09%) 和静止股骨动脉直径 (0.15 ± 0.29毫米).
- 在整体组中,抵抗训练并没有显著改变静止直径或口炎.
- 性别分析显示,男性,但不是女性,在 RES 培训后增加了口炎,而两性在 END 培训后改善了口炎. 男人也显示在END训练后动脉直径增加.
结论:
- 耐力训练在年轻健康个体的抵抗训练相比,对大腿动脉直径和流量介导扩张有更好的影响.
- 动脉对运动的适应受训练方式和性别的影响,男性对END和RES都有反应,女性主要对END.
- 这些发现强调了在设计心血管健康优化炼计划时考虑运动类型和个人性别的重要性.
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