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加利福尼亚州同时发生的气候事件和环境正义,2018-2019年
Brittany Shea1, Gabriella Y Meltzer2, Benjamin B Steiger1
1Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States of America.
Environmental research, health : ERH
|February 7, 2025
概括
气候变化加剧了极端天气,增加了热浪和野火等同时发生的事件. 这项研究分析了加利福尼亚州各县的气候驱动灾害,发现了与社会脆弱性的复杂联系.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 气候变化研究 气候变化研究
背景情况:
- 气候变化正在增加全球极端天气事件的频率和强度.
- 气候驱动灾难的同时发生,如热浪,野火和停电,构成重大,潜在的放大,健康风险.
- 了解这些同时发生的事件对于公共卫生准备和反应至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 描述从2018-2019年到2019年在加利福尼亚州各县发生异常高温,野火燃烧区灾害和长时间停电的情况.
- 确定这些县内同时发生的气候驱动事件的实例.
- 通过使用社会脆弱性指数 (SVI) 来评估同时发生的事件与社会脆弱性之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 对异常高温 (每日平均温度>24°C和第85百分位数),野火燃烧区灾难 (交叉县,结构/民间影响或FEMA声明) 和长时间停电 (>0.5%的客户受影响超过8小时) 的定义县日指标.
- 确定同时发生的事件作为两个或两个以上的定义事件在同一个县日.
- 分析了加利福尼亚州58个县的同时发生的事件和SVI之间的关联.
主要成果:
- 几乎所有县都经历了异常高温;超过一半面临着野火灾和长时间停电.
- 最常见的共同事件涉及高温和野火灾,影响了41%的县.
- 发现并发事件和社会脆弱性之间没有明确的总体联系,根据事件类型观察到混合的相关性.
结论:
- 气候驱动的极端天气事件经常同时发生,对公共卫生和紧急情况管理构成复杂的挑战.
- 虽然这项研究没有发现对弱势群体造成不成比例影响的一致模式,但混合相关性需要进一步调查.
- 调查结果可以为加利福尼亚州的气候适应和防灾能力提供有针对性的资源配置和政策制定信息.
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