犯罪威:来自对24小时24小时24小时24小时24小时24小时24小时24小时24小时24小时24小时24小时24小时24小时24小时24小时24小时24小时24小时24小时24小时的个人分析的证据
1Director of the RAND Drug Policy Research Center, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138.
概括
南达科他州的24/7清醒计划显著降低了与酒精有关的违法行为的人的再逮捕率. 这种快速,确定和公平的制裁方法在12个月内将重犯率降低了13.7%.
科学领域:
- 犯罪学 犯罪学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 行为科学 行为科学
背景情况:
- 刑事司法系统寻求惩罚措施的替代方案,以阻止犯罪.
- 与酒精有关的违法行为构成重大公共健康和安全风险.
- 24/7清醒计划为与酒精有关的个人提供了一种新的干预措施.
研究的目的:
- 评估南达科他州24/7清醒计划对重复犯罪的因果关系.
- 评估该计划对第二次或第三次驾驶醉酒 (DUI) 违法行为的重新逮捕或缓刑撤销的影响.
- 在社区监督中提供"快速确定公平"制裁的经验证据.
主要方法:
- 使用县级计划可用性的仪器变量回归来估计计划效应.
- 对醉酒驾驶罪犯的重新逮捕和缓刑撤销概率的分析.
- 在逮捕后12,24和36个月对计划影响的纵向评估.
主要成果:
- 参加24/7清醒计划与12个月后再次被捕或缓刑撤销的概率减少13.7个百分点 (49%) 相关 (p = 0.002).
- 在24个月和36个月观察到重复犯罪率的实质性下降,尽管估计因模型规格而异.
- 该计划在阻止与酒精有关的违法行为的人群中不遵守规则方面表现出有效性.
结论:
- 24/7清醒计划为"快速确定公平"制裁模式提供实证支持.
- 这种干预提供了一个可行的政策方法来减少与滥用酒精有关的犯罪活动.
- 研究结果表明,在社区监督环境中,这种计划可能会得到更广泛的应用.
相关概念视频
02:05Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping
38.8K
People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
38.8K
00:57Deindividuation
26.2K
Deindividuation is a form of social influence on an individual’s behavior such that the individual engages in unusual or non-normal behavior while in a group setting. Why? Because in these group settings, the individual no longer sees themselves as an individual anymore, disinhibiting their behavior and personal restraint.
26.2K
03:20The Stanford Prison Experiment
22.9K
The famous and controversial Stanford Prison Experiment, conducted by social psychologist Philip Zimbardo and his colleagues at Stanford University, demonstrated the power of social roles, social norms, and scripts.
22.9K
01:21Introduction to Test of Independence
2.2K
In statistics, the term independence means that one can directly obtain the probability of any event involving both variables by multiplying their individual probabilities. Tests of independence are chi-square tests involving the use of a contingency table of observed (data) values.
The test statistic for a test of independence is similar to that of a goodness-of-fit test:
The test statistic for a test of independence is similar to that of a goodness-of-fit test:
2.2K
01:16Hypothesis Test for Test of Independence
3.5K
The test of independence is a chi-square-based test used to determine whether two variables or factors are independent or dependent. This hypothesis test is used to examine the independence of the variables. One can construct two qualitative survey questions or experiments based on the variables in a contingency table. The goal is to see if the two variables are unrelated (independent) or related (dependent). The null and alternative hypotheses for this test are:
H0: The two variables (factors)...
H0: The two variables (factors)...
3.5K
01:15Drug Concentration Versus Time Correlation
590
The plasma drug concentration-time curve is a crucial tool in pharmacokinetics, representing the drug's concentration in plasma at different time intervals post-administration. This curve illustrates the drug's journey from absorption into the systemic circulation, distribution to body tissues, and eventual elimination through excretion or biotransformation.
Two pivotal parameters are the minimum effective concentration (MEC) and the minimum toxic concentration (MTC). The MEC is the...
Two pivotal parameters are the minimum effective concentration (MEC) and the minimum toxic concentration (MTC). The MEC is the...
590