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相关概念视频

X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

23.7K
The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
23.7K
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

3.8K
X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab01:21

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab

306
For AAS measurements, samples must be introduced as clear solutions, often requiring extensive preliminary treatment to dissolve materials like soils, animal tissues, and minerals. Common methods for sample preparation include treatment with hot mineral acids, wet ashing, combustion in closed containers, high-temperature ashing, or fusion with reagents.
 Solutions containing organic solvents, such as low-molecular-mass alcohols, esters, or ketones, enhance absorbances by increasing...
306
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods

354
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) atomizes samples through flame atomization or electrothermal atomization. Flame atomization typically involves a nebulizer and spray chamber assembly to combine the sample with a fuel–oxidant mixture, creating a fine aerosol mist that enters a burner. Typically, the fuel and oxidant are combined in an approximately stoichiometric ratio. However, for atoms that are easily oxidized, a fuel-rich mixture may be more advantageous. Only about 5% of the...
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相关实验视频

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Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures
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通过X射线粉末衍射分析对Ag2O二进制系统的热扩散散散分析.

Marcelo Augusto Malagutti1, Binayak Mukherjee1, Himanshu Nautiyal1

  • 1Department of Civil, Environmental, and Mechanical Engineering University of Trento Italy.

Journal of applied crystallography
|February 7, 2025
PubMed
概括

这项研究引入了一种新方法,直接从X射线粉末图案中分析热扩散散射,揭示了复杂的动态和像氧化银 (Ag2O) 这样的材料的局部原子结构. 这种方法增强了对物质混乱和力量的理解.

关键词:
射线粉的X射线衍射方法一开始的分子动力学.二进制系统的二进制系统.密度函数理论密度函数理论配对分布函数的配对分布函数银氧化物是一种氧化物.热扩散散的散射是一种散射.

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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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相关实验视频

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科学领域:

  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
  • 固态物理 固态物理
  • 晶体学 晶体学是指结晶学.

背景情况:

  • 在X射线衍射模式中的扩散散散含有关于水晶材料局部原子结构和混乱的重要信息.
  • 对分布函数 (PDF) 分析是提取局部结构信息的常用方法,但富里埃变换可以引入异常.
  • 从实验数据中区分静态和动态障碍组件是具有挑战性的.

研究的目的:

  • 开发和验证一种用于直接从X射线粉末图案分析热扩散散射的新方法.
  • 使用这种新方法研究氧化银 (Ag2O) 的局部原子结构和动力学.
  • 为了将实验结果与力常数的理论计算相关联.

主要方法:

  • 使用瑞特维尔德方法直接对X射线粉末图案进行热扩散散散的分析.
  • 对原子对进行相关位移模型的整合.
  • 使用同步子辐射和实验室X射线衍射收集实验数据.
  • 应用爱因斯坦模型和密度函数理论 (DFT) 来计算力常数.
  • 与*ab initio*分子动力学模拟进行比较.

主要成果:

  • 这项研究成功地从Ag2O粉末模式中直接分析了热扩散散散.
  • 使用爱因斯坦模型获得的实验力常数与DFT和*ab initio*模拟有很好的一致性.
  • 发现Ag2O的动态结构是复杂的,具有异性质的声分散和软声模式.
  • 这些动态特征解释了观察到的显著原子位移参数.

结论:

  • 拟议的方法提供了一种直接方法来分析热扩散散射,绕过福里埃变换的限制.
  • 这些发现阐明了Ag2O内部的复杂动力学和局部力量,与其结构障碍有关.
  • 该技术适用于各种二进制和复杂的晶体系统,通过X射线衍射来理解局部动力学.