为改善低收入和中等收入国家残疾人教育成果的干预措施的有效性:系统审查
Xanthe Hunt1, Ashrita Saran2, Howard White3
1Department of Global Health, Institute for Life Course Health Research Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa.
Campbell systematic reviews
|February 7, 2025
概括
教育干预措施有望改善低收入和中等收入国家 (LMICs) 的残疾儿童的结果. 然而,需要采用双轨的方法,解决个体需求,促进主流包容性,以改善教育公平.
科学领域:
- 教育教育教育教育教育教育.
- 关于残疾人的研究.
- 全球卫生平等全球卫生平等
背景情况:
- 在全球范围内,残疾人面临着重大的教育劣势,特别是在低收入和中等收入国家 (LMICs),影响就业和收入.
- 对于残疾人来说,教育上的不平等因被排除在主流学校教育和低参与率而加剧,突出了一个关键的全球公平问题.
- 旨在改善残疾人的教育成果的干预措施,无论是在专业或包容性环境中,对于解决这些差异至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 确定支持LMIC中残疾人教育的干预措施的性质.
- 评估这些干预措施有效性的证据基础.
- 确定哪些干预措施最有效,并确定其实施的障碍和促进者.
主要方法:
- 使用电子数据库搜索和参考列表选进行了系统审查,没有日期或格式限制,但仅限于英语出版物.
- 如果这些研究评估了LMIC中对残疾人的干预影响,至少有五名参与者,以及符合条件的干预和结果,则将这些研究纳入.
- 使用EppiReviewer进行了数据综合,包括研究特征的编码,叙事摘要,发现,信心评估和效果大小计算.
主要成果:
- 包括28项研究,主要针对残疾儿童 (n=25),其中"教育成就支持"和"可访问的学习环境"是最常见的干预类别.
- 干预措施对"纳入条件"和对教师知识的显著影响产生了中度显著的影响. 对识字,认知能力,手写和算术能力观察到显著的积极影响,尽管基于少数研究.
- 发现了高度的异质性和频繁高的出版偏差风险. 大多数研究的可信度评级较低,主要是由于研究设计的严谨性较低.
结论:
- 当前的学校系统往往无法满足残疾儿童的各种需求,因此需要采取"双轨"方法,解决个体需求并促进主流包容.
- 大多数审查的干预措施重点是个人支持,而不是系统或学校层面的变化,这表明需要更广泛的环境重点.
- 进一步评估针对残疾人和其更广泛的环境的干预措施对于改善教育成果和公平性至关重要.
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