海南省呼吸道病原体谱和流行病学趋势:2017年至2023年的回顾性分析
Lvying Wu1,2, Jianan Zhang2, Zhiming Wu1
1Department of Medical laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Yehai road 368#, Longhua District, Haikou city, 570216, Hainan Province, P. R. China.
COVID-19大流行和非药物干预 (NPI) 改变了呼吸道病原体的动态,降低了总体检测率,但增加了流感A和B病毒感染. Mycoplasma pneumoniae感染显著减少,特别是在幼儿中.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 呼吸道感染 (RTIs) 是一个重大的全球健康挑战.
- COVID-19大流行和非药物干预 (NPI) 显著影响了呼吸道病原体的流行病学.
- 了解这些转变对于公共卫生战略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 分析海南省RTI患者中呼吸道病原体频谱的变化.
- 为了比较病原体发病率之前,在NPI期间和在COVID-19大流行期间.
- 为了识别病原体动态和季节性的变化.
主要方法:
- 一项回顾性研究分析了2017年至2023年海南21036名RTI患者的数据.
- 检测了9种常见的呼吸道病原体,包括甲型流感 (Flu-A),乙型流感 (Flu-B),类流感病毒 (PIV) 和肺炎菌 (M. pne).
- 数据被分为COVID-19前,NPI和COVID-19大流行时期.
主要成果:
- 总体而言,RTI病原体检测率从COVID-19前的33.30%下降到COVID-19后的22.43%.
- 在NPI和COVID-19期间,Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pne) 的患病率显著下降,而流感A和流感B的感染率显著增加.
- 0-5岁儿童的RTI负担和感染率最高,在NPI和COVID-19期间观察到流感A,流感B和RSV的季节性模式改变.
结论:
- 肺炎菌 (M. pne),B型流感 (Flu-B),A型流感 (Flu-A) 和偏流感病毒 (PIV) 是海南的主要RTI病原体.
- 大规模的NPI和COVID-19大流行大大改变了这些病原体的流行率和季节性分布.
- 这些发现突显了呼吸道病原体流行病学在应对公共卫生干预措施方面的动态性质.
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