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为什么我们必须改变生物伦理术语围绕所谓的"不值得生活的生命",以及"值得"和"不值得"的生活
1Professor of Bioethics, Centre for Social Ethics and Policy, Department of Law, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
概括
生物伦理学术语,如"不值得生活的生命"是模两可的,特别是在生殖选择. 这篇论文主张用"内在有价值"和"内在有害"取代它们,以便对生命进行更清晰的讨论.
科学领域:
- 生物伦理学生物伦理学
- 医学哲学 医学哲学
- 生殖伦理学 生殖伦理学
背景情况:
- "不值得生活的生命"和"值得生活"的术语在生物伦理学话语中是传统的.
- 这些术语区分了生活中的压倒性的负面经历与那些具有积极价值的人.
- 当前的术语有助于讨论资源分配,生命终结决策和生殖选择.
研究的目的:
- 批评当前关于生命价值的生物伦理术语中固有的模糊性.
- 要强调这种模两可是如何掩盖在生殖伦理中的潜在的专制优生学动机的.
- 为提高生物伦理辩论的清晰度提出替代术语.
主要方法:
- 对生物伦理术语的概念分析.
- 考察语言惯例在生殖决策中的影响.
- 对现有条款进行论证性批评,并提出新的条款.
主要成果:
- "不值得活的生命"和"值得活的生命"的术语具有有问题的模两可,特别是在生殖选择方面.
- 这种模糊性可能会掩盖潜在的不合理的,专制的优生学观点.
- 当前的语言可能无意中支持那些使用这些术语的用户不会认可的动机.
结论:
- 术语"内在有价值"和"内在有害"应该取代模两可的生命价值术语.
- 采用明确的术语可以提高生物伦理讨论的清晰度,特别是关于生殖的讨论.
- 这种转变促进了生物伦理学中更精确,更合理的伦理推理.
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