性系统的进化和在里奇亚的回归进化
Jonathan Levins1,2, Łukasz Paukszto3, Katarzyna Krawczyk3
1School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
The New phytologist
|February 10, 2025
概括
这项研究揭示了里奇亚属,一种肝草,从单独的性别 (dioicy) 演变为组合的性别 (monoicy) 多次,并减少了生殖结构. 这种适应有助于在极端环境中生存.
科学领域:
- 植物进化生物学 植物进化生物学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 类植物的多样性
背景情况:
- 里奇亚属是Marchantiopsida (复杂的状肝) 的一部分,具有高度的物种性.
- 大多数Riccia物种都是单一的,与预测的祖先肝和大多数现存的肝不同,它们是二元的.
- 里奇亚在雌同体和胞体两代都表现出回归进化,影响胞分散.
研究的目的:
- 探索在里奇亚的性系统的演变.
- 为了研究基因组内逆向进化的基因组特征.
- 了解性系统和还原形态学之间的进化关系.
主要方法:
- 两种Riccia物种的基因组分析.
- 对另外两种Riccia物种的转录组分析.
- 遗传学重建以推断进化过渡.
主要成果:
- 基因组数据表明,在Riccia类基底处,从二氧化向单氧化的初始过渡.
- 证据表明随后的转变为二氧化碳,包括新性染色体的进化,随后进一步转变为单氧化碳.
- 观察到涉及到胞细胞和胞细胞发育的转录因子的显著损失.
- 在Riccia及其姐妹属Ricciocarpos.中,单冰和还原形态的独立进化.
结论:
- 里奇亚的性系统进化是复杂的,涉及多个转变之间的二氧化和单氧化.
- 里奇亚的回归进化,特别是胞体形态,促进了适应极端息地.
- 减少形态学可能使里奇亚专注于这些环境,可能限制了更广泛的殖民.
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