2024年关于中国乙型肝炎病毒流行病学的最新报告:现状,变化轨迹和挑战
Ruiyi Yan1, Minghao Sun1, Huayu Yang1
1Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Hepatobiliary surgery and nutrition
|February 10, 2025
概括
中国通过高的疫苗接种率和改善的治疗方法,显著减少了乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 感染,但仍然存在对HBV消除的认识和获得护理的挑战.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 感染是全球主要的健康问题,中国承担了慢性病例的重大负担.
- 三十年来,中国实施了广泛的HBV控制策略,包括广泛的疫苗接种和更新的治疗指南.
研究的目的:
- 分析中国的HBV预防和控制的现状和趋势.
- 评估世界卫生组织 (WHO) 2030年消除目标的进展情况.
- 确定在中国消除HBV的持续挑战和机会.
主要方法:
- 审查来自全国调查和中国疾病控制和预防中心的最新数据.
- 分析世卫组织2024年关于HBV的报告.
- 疫苗接种率,母婴传播率 (MTCT) 和HBsAg流行率的评估.
主要成果:
- 实现了高的疫苗接种率 (99.6%用于3剂量疫苗,95.6%用于出生剂量) 和低的MTCT率 (0.23%).
- 在5岁以下的儿童中,HBsAg患病率从9.67% (1992) 显著下降到0.30% (2020).
- 2020年,在HBV阳性个体中,HBV状态意识率低 (58.78%) 和抗病毒治疗率低 (17.33%).
结论:
- 中国在控制HBV方面取得了实质性的进展,大大减少了感染和传播.
- 尽管取得了进展,但在HBV状态意识,诊断,治疗可访问性和区域差异方面的挑战阻碍了消除目标.
- 未来的努力必须集中在持续的传播控制,扩大查,改善对诊断和治疗的准入,以及解决医疗保健差异上.
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