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4至7岁儿童的自适应性认知控制和学校-正念干预措施的潜在影响:意大利的一项探索性研究

Lisa Toffoli¹, Giulia Stefanelli¹, Giulia Manca¹

¹NeuroDev lab, Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.

Frontiers in psychology

|February 10, 2025

概括

幼儿通过使用环境线索来表现自适应性认知控制. 一个-正念计划显示了可行性和潜力,以提高这种控制在学龄前儿童.

科学领域:

发展心理学发展心理学
认知神经科学认知神经科学

背景情况:

适应性认知控制 (CC) 机制,特别是像统计学学习这样的自下而上的过程,越来越被理解.
然而,关于幼儿如何利用这些机制进行适应性CC的发展研究有限.

研究的目的:

研究幼儿 (4-7岁) 的适应性CC机制.
评估背景可预测性对电机控制和干扰分辨率的影响.
评估基于学校的正念干预措施对适应性CC的可行性和影响.

主要方法:

利用动态时间预测 (DTP) 任务和对211名儿童 (4-7岁) 进行修改的Flanker任务.
在不同的背景可预测性下评估运动准备/抑制和干扰控制.
进行了为期8周的正念干预,随后进行了重新测试.

主要成果:

孩子们利用概率变化来优化运动准备/抑制,管理疲劳.
干扰控制是根据环境意外情况调节的,当主动控制时,冲突解决更好.
干预后,儿童在运动准备/抑制方面表现出更好的隐性适应性和增强的干扰控制.

结论:

适应性CC存在于学龄前儿童,包括4岁儿童.
基于学校的正念计划是可行的,可以增强儿童的灵活和主动的认知适应.
研究结果支持环境线索在儿童早期发展认知能力方面的作用.

关键词:

适应性认知控制是一种自适应性认知控制.执行职能执行职能是指执行职能.隐式学习是一种隐式的学习.干扰控制干扰控制发动机的准备和抑制.反应性和主动性控制.在学校学校学校学校学校学校学校.-正念 - 的正念是一种正念.

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