视力障碍成年人的生活质量自我管理干预措施
Alexis Malkin1, Ashley Deemer2, Melissa Contreras2
1New England College of Optometry, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
|February 10, 2025
概括
多方面的自我管理干预措施几乎没有改善视力受损的成年人的生活质量. 需要进一步的研究,以探索不同人群和视力丧失阶段的益处.
科学领域:
- 眼科和视觉科学 眼科和视觉科学
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 视力障碍影响全球超过22亿人,主要是老年人,导致功能和心理衰退.
- 有效的自我管理干预措施对于提高视力障碍患者管理其病情和维持日常生活的能力至关重要.
- 与年龄相关的眼部疾病是老年人群视力障碍的主要原因.
研究的目的:
- 评估自我管理干预措施对视力受损的成年人生活质量的影响.
- 为了比较自我管理干预的效果与不活跃的 (等待名单) 或活跃的 (常规护理) 控制组.
- 评估与健康相关的生活质量 (HRQoL) 和与视力相关的生活质量 (VRQoL) 的结果.
主要方法:
- 进行了对平行组随机对照试验 (RCT) 的系统审查和元分析.
- 搜索包括多个数据库 (CENTRAL,MEDLINE,Embase) 和试验登记册,截至2024年5月.
- 包括20个RCT与3151名参与者,主要是与年龄相关的黄斑退行症的老年人.
主要成果:
- 低确定性证据表明,自我管理干预措施在HRQoL (SMD -0.09至 -0.15) 和VRQoL (SMD -0.12至 -0.01) 中几乎没有差异.
- 这些发现在不同的比较者 (等待名单或活跃对照) 和随访持续时间之间是一致的.
- 自主管理干预措施没有显著影响不良事件的风险 (RR 1.14),报告的与治疗相关的危害最小.
结论:
- 多方面的自我管理干预表明,视力障碍的成年人HRQoL和VRQoL的改善很小,甚至没有显著的改善.
- 建议进行进一步的研究,以开发更敏感的生活质量指标.
- 未来的研究应该调查不同的人群的干预效益,包括视力障碍的不同阶段和双感官障碍患者.
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