相关实验视频

Updated: May 28, 2025

A 100 KW Class Applied-field Magnetoplasmadynamic Thruster

A 100 KW Class Applied-field Magnetoplasmadynamic Thruster

Published on: December 22, 2018

颗粒火箭效应在磁性封闭的融合等离子体中

Nico J Guth^1,2, Oskar Vallhagen¹, Per Helander²

¹Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Physics, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.

Physical review letters

|February 10, 2025

概括

颗粒火箭效应通过不对称加热加速在聚变等离子体中的冷燃料颗粒. 这种对干扰减缓至关重要的效应显著影响未来的核聚变反应堆如ITER中的颗粒透率.

科学领域:

等离子体物理学的物理学
核聚变能源的使用方式
计算建模计算建模

背景情况:

冷材料的颗粒被注入磁性封闭的聚变等离子体中,用于加热和诊断.
这些颗粒与等离子体的相互作用可以导致复杂的现象,包括加速.
了解颗粒动态对于优化聚变反应堆性能和实施有效控制策略至关重要.

研究的目的:

开发一个半分析模型,用于聚变等离子体中的颗粒火箭效应.
为了量化燃料颗粒由于不对称的剥离云加热而经历的加速.
预测这种效应对像ITER这样的未来核聚变装置中的颗粒透的影响.

主要方法:

一个半分析模型是通过扰乱一个球体对称的剥离模型来开发的.
该模型模拟了非均等离子体对颗粒除云的不对称加热.
该模型根据这种不对称加热产生的压力梯度预测颗粒加速.

主要成果:

该模型准确地预测了颗粒加速,与当前托卡马克 (大约10^5 m/s^2) 的实验估计相匹配.
对于ITER高限制场景的预测表明加速率高达10^6 m/s^2.2.
这些加速导致颗粒透深度明显比预期的要短.

结论:

颗粒火箭效应是影响聚变等离子体中燃料颗粒动态的一个重要因素.
由于颗粒透率降低,预测的加速可能会限制ITER中断减缓策略的有效性.
需要进一步的研究才能将这种效应完全纳入聚变等离子体建模和运营规划中.

更多相关视频

Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry

Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry

Published on: August 1, 2017

How to Ignite an Atmospheric Pressure Microwave Plasma Torch without Any Additional Igniters

How to Ignite an Atmospheric Pressure Microwave Plasma Torch without Any Additional Igniters

Published on: April 16, 2015

相关概念视频

Nuclear Fusion

Nuclear Fusion

The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
A helium nucleus has a mass that is 0.7% less than that of four hydrogen nuclei; this lost mass is converted into energy during the fusion. This reaction produces about...

Rocket Propulsion in Empty Space - I

Rocket Propulsion in Empty Space - I

The driving force for the motion of any vehicle is friction, but in the case of rocket propulsion in space, the friction force is not present. The motion of a rocket changes its velocity (and hence its momentum) by ejecting burned fuel gases, thus causing it to accelerate in the direction opposite to the velocity of the ejected fuel. In this situation, the mass and velocity of the rocket constantly change along with the total mass of ejected gases. Due to conservation of momentum, the...

Rocket Propulsion in Gravitational Field - I

Rocket Propulsion in Gravitational Field - I

Rockets range in size from small fireworks that ordinary people use to the enormous Saturn V that once propelled massive payloads toward the Moon. The propulsion of all rockets, jet engines, deflating balloons, and even squids and octopuses are explained by the same physical principle: Newton's third law of motion. The matter is forcefully ejected from a system, producing an equal and opposite reaction on what remains.
The motion of a rocket in space changes its velocity (and hence its...

Rocket Propulsion in Gravitational Field - II

Rocket Propulsion in Gravitational Field - II

A rocket's velocity in the presence of a gravitational field is decreased by the amount of force exerted by Earth's gravitational field, which opposes the motion of the rocket. If we consider thrust, that is, the force exerted on a rocket by the exhaust gases, then a rocket's thrust is greater in outer space than in the atmosphere or on a launch pad. In fact, gases are easier to expel in a vacuum.
A rocket's acceleration depends on three major factors, consistent with the...

Rocket Propulsion In Empty Space - II

Rocket Propulsion In Empty Space - II

The motion of a rocket is governed by the conservation of momentum principle. A rocket's momentum changes by the same amount (with the opposite sign) as the ejected gases. As time goes by, the rocket's mass (which includes the mass of the remaining fuel) continuously decreases, and its velocity increases. Therefore, the principle of conservation of momentum is used to explain the dynamics of a rocket's motion. The ideal rocket equation gives the change in velocity that a rocket...

Nuclear Transmutation

Nuclear Transmutation

Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...