从强迫承认到偏见的评估:从1928年的教训
Austin D Hamilton1, William Douglas Woody1
1University of Northern Colorado, School of Psychological Sciences.
History of psychology
|February 10, 2025
概括
在1928年的一起案件中,偏见的智力测试拒绝了认知障碍的青少年对他的精神状况的法律考虑. 这种历史分析揭示了早期心理证词和精神错乱辩护的缺陷.
科学领域:
- 法律心理学 法律心理学
- 法医心理学 法医心理学
- 心理学历史 心理学历史
背景情况:
- 刑事责任的法律评估越来越多地考虑被告的心理因素.
- 1928年詹姆斯·迪康斯案件突出了早期的法律情报评估和美国的精神错乱辩护.
研究的目的:
- 为了检查1928年詹姆斯·迪康斯的法律案件,专注于情报评估和心理证词.
- 分析评估者偏见和违反协议对法律结果的影响.
- 为了将此案与精神错乱辩护的更广泛历史以及专家心理证词联系起来.
主要方法:
- 对1928年涉及詹姆斯·迪肯斯的刑事案件的回顾.
- 情报评估员尤金·C·罗 (Eugene C. Rowe) 的传记审查.
- 评估程序,偏见和法律结果的分析.
- 与H. H. Goddard对Jean Gianini的评价进行比较分析.
主要成果:
- 尤金·C·罗 (Eugene C. Rowe) 对詹姆斯·迪康斯 (James Deacons) 的评估受到了预评估偏见 (优生学,前) 的影响.
- 罗伊的违反协议使迪肯斯的情报得分膨胀,排除了对他的认知障碍的法律考虑.
- 执事认罪,与类似历史案件的结果形成鲜明对比.
结论:
- 在法律背景下早期的心理评估容易产生重大偏见和方法上的缺陷.
- 偏见的专家证词和有缺陷的情报评估影响了有关认知障碍被告的法律决定.
- 这个案例说明了在法律系统中应用精神错乱辩护和利用心理专业知识的历史挑战.
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