简单的执行功能作为自闭症-ADHD的内类型,以及简单与复杂的执行功能与自闭症/ADHD特征之间的不同关联
Alexandra Hendry1, Rachael Bedford2, Mary Agyapong3
1Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. alexandra.hendry@psy.ox.ac.uk.
Scientific reports
|February 10, 2025
概括
患有自闭症和/或ADHD家族病史的儿童早期表现出执行功能 (EF) 的挑战. 对于有家庭病史的幼儿,建议支持简单的EF技能的干预措施,对于有自闭症特征的幼儿,建议支持复杂的EF技能.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 和注意力缺陷/多动性障碍 (ADHD) 与执行功能 (EF) 缺陷有关.
- 风险人群中EF困难的早期发展轨迹尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 调查具有自闭症和/或多动症家族史的幼儿执行功能 (EF) 困难的患病率和性质.
- 探索特定家族病史 (FH) 与幼儿早期EF表现之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 对107名患有FH-自闭症/ADHD的儿童和24名没有FH-自闭症/ADHD的儿童进行了长度研究.
- 在2岁和3岁时执行多个EF任务.
- 利用了父母报告的自闭症和ADHD特征的措施.
主要成果:
- 与对照人群相比,患有FH-自闭症/ADHD的儿童在2岁和3岁时表现出较低的简单EF得分 (响应抑制,工作记忆).
- 患有自闭症的家族史与2岁时执行注意力较低有关.
- 患有自闭症和ADHD的家族史与3岁时较低复杂的EF技能相关.
- 简单的EF得分与ADHD特征有负相关,复杂的EF得分与3岁儿童的自闭症特征有负相关.
结论:
- 患有FH-自闭症/ADHD的幼儿可能会从针对简单EF发展的早期干预中受益.
- 显示自闭症特征的儿童可能需要对更复杂的EF技能提供支持.
- 研究结果强调了在了解早期EF发育过程中考虑家族史的重要性.
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