相关实验视频

Updated: May 28, 2025

Microscopy of Fission Yeast Sexual Lifecycle

Microscopy of Fission Yeast Sexual Lifecycle

Published on: March 9, 2016

在真菌中,辅助染色体的水平转移 - - 基因物质交换的规范过程?

Michael Habig¹, Satish Kumar Patneedi^2,3, Remco Stam³

¹Fungal Evolutionary Genetics, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany. mhabig@bot.uni-kiel.de.

|February 10, 2025

概括

在真菌中,横向染色体转移 (HCT) 主要涉及辅助染色体. 这些移动染色体可能携带用于自身传播的基因,这表明HCT是一种受调节的过程,影响真菌进化.

科学领域:

遗传学是一个遗传学.
菌类生物学菌类生物学
基因组学就是基因组学.

背景情况:

横向染色体转移 (HCTs) 在真菌病原体中被记录下来,通常会赋予健身优势.
HCT主要涉及辅助染色体,核心染色体很少被共同转移.
HCTs的机制和特异性,特别是辅助染色体,仍然在很大程度上是未知的.

研究的目的:

审查HCT中观察到的辅助染色体转移倾向.
假设HCTs的调节机制,专注于辅助染色体.
调查菌基因组中HCTs的流行率和进化影响.

主要方法:

在真菌中报告的HCT实例的文献综述.
根据最近在Metarhizium robertsii和Magnaporthe oryzae.e.中发现的新发现,产生了假设.
在19种真菌物种/菌株中对核心和辅助染色体之间的代码使用偏差进行比较分析.

主要成果:

辅助染色体显示出对HCT的强烈倾向,这表明它们是移动元素.
移动辅助染色体上的假定基因组/基因组修饰剂可能会产生传输信号.
在19种物种中的14种中,发现了核心和辅助染色体之间的显著代码使用偏差差,这表明了过去的HCT.

结论:

HCT可能是一个受管制的过程,其中移动辅助染色体编码自己的传输机制.
HCTs,特别是辅助染色体的患病率可能被低估.
辅助染色体HCT是真菌基因组进化和适应的一个重要因素.

更多相关视频

Quantitation and Analysis of the Formation of HO-Endonuclease Stimulated Chromosomal Translocations by Single-Strand Annealing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Quantitation and Analysis of the Formation of HO-Endonuclease Stimulated Chromosomal Translocations by Single-Strand Annealing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: September 23, 2011

Sexual Development and Ascospore Discharge in Fusarium graminearum

Sexual Development and Ascospore Discharge in Fusarium graminearum

Published on: March 29, 2012

相关概念视频

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.

Yeast Signaling

Yeast Signaling

Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...

Crossing Over

Crossing Over

Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I,...

Gene Conversion

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...

Binary Fission

Binary Fission

Fission is the division of a single entity into two or more parts, which regenerate into separate entities that resemble the original. Organisms in the Archaea and Bacteria domains reproduce using binary fission, in which a parent cell splits into two parts that can each grow to the size of the original parent cell. This asexual method of reproduction produces cells that are all genetically identical.

Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes

Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes

A eukaryotic cell can have up to three different types of genetic systems: nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast. During evolution, organelles have exported many genes to the nucleus; this transfer is still ongoing in some plant species. Approximately 18% of the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear genome is thought to be derived from the chloroplast’s cyanobacterial ancestor, and around 75% of the yeast genome derived from the mitochondria’s bacterial ancestor. This export has occurred...