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相关概念视频

Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

6.0K
The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
6.0K
Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

3.5K
The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
3.5K
Convergent Evolution01:54

Convergent Evolution

27.4K
Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
27.4K
Gene Families01:57

Gene Families

8.7K
Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
8.7K
General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

5.1K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
5.1K
Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

6.3K
In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
6.3K

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相关实验视频

Updated: May 28, 2025

Manipulation of Gene Function in Mexican Cavefish
07:01

Manipulation of Gene Function in Mexican Cavefish

Published on: April 22, 2019

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在不同洞穴鱼种群中血红蛋白升高通过不同的血红蛋白基因表达模式演变.

Tyler E Boggs1, Joshua B Gross1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.

Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution
|February 11, 2025
PubMed
概括

洞穴鱼表现出高血红蛋白,但基因表达模式在不同种群之间有所不同. 这表明生命历史和独特的洞穴环境塑造了血红蛋白调节,即使在囚禁中也是如此.

科学领域:

  • 进化生物学 进化生物学
  • 基因组学就是基因组学.
  • 生理学 生理学 生理学

背景情况:

  • 洞穴鱼 (阿斯蒂亚纳克斯) 的血红蛋白比表面鱼高,这种特征在囚禁中仍然存在.
  • 血红蛋白 (Hb) 基因家族表达受到生物体和环境因素的影响.

研究的目的:

  • 为了调查地理上不同的洞穴鱼种群是否利用相同的血红蛋白基因来提高表达.
  • 了解适应的洞穴鱼中血红蛋白调节的转录基因.

主要方法:

  • 在三个被囚禁的洞穴鱼种群中对血红蛋白基因表达的转录组分析.
  • 在不同的洞穴鱼血统和生命阶段对基因表达模式的比较.

主要成果:

  • 在地理上不同的洞穴鱼种群中,血红蛋白基因表达模式在很大程度上存在差异.
  • 来自Pachón和Tinaja洞穴的洞穴鱼由于最近的共同起源而表现出更相似的成年Hb表达.
  • 在Pachón和Tinaja洞穴鱼胚胎之间存在高峰Hb基因家族成员表达时间的显著变异.

结论:

  • 洞穴鱼中的血红蛋白基因表达是共享和分歧模式的复杂混合.
关键词:
洞穴鱼是一种洞穴鱼.基因表达的基因表达方式血红蛋白 血红蛋白 是一个缺氧 缺氧是指缺氧的情况.

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Behavioral Tracking and Neuromast Imaging of Mexican Cavefish
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Behavioral Tracking and Neuromast Imaging of Mexican Cavefish

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Raising the Mexican Tetra Astyanax mexicanus for Analysis of Post-larval Phenotypes and Whole-mount Immunohistochemistry
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Raising the Mexican Tetra Astyanax mexicanus for Analysis of Post-larval Phenotypes and Whole-mount Immunohistochemistry

Published on: December 28, 2018

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相关实验视频

Last Updated: May 28, 2025

Manipulation of Gene Function in Mexican Cavefish
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Manipulation of Gene Function in Mexican Cavefish

Published on: April 22, 2019

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Behavioral Tracking and Neuromast Imaging of Mexican Cavefish
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Behavioral Tracking and Neuromast Imaging of Mexican Cavefish

Published on: April 6, 2019

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Raising the Mexican Tetra Astyanax mexicanus for Analysis of Post-larval Phenotypes and Whole-mount Immunohistochemistry
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Raising the Mexican Tetra Astyanax mexicanus for Analysis of Post-larval Phenotypes and Whole-mount Immunohistochemistry

Published on: December 28, 2018

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  • 洞穴环境的生命历史和特定的进化压力可能驱动这些差异化的表达模式.