在密集管理的北极生态系统中,量化大型食肉动物的掠食与人类对鹿的收获相比
Håkan Sand1, Barbara Zimmermann2, Petter Wabakken2
1Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Riddarhyttan, Sweden.
概括
在斯堪的纳维亚大规模的食肉动物重新殖民影响了鹿种群. 狼和熊的掠食率与收获相结合,影响了鹿的管理,在高密度的熊地区,掠食有时超过收获.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 野生动物管理 野生动物管理
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 大型食肉动物回到受人类影响的地区会导致冲突,通常是由于对猎物物种的竞争.
- 在斯堪的纳维亚,狼 (Canis lupus) 和棕熊 (Ursus arctos) 的重新殖民影响了鹿 (Alces alces) 的收获,这是一个宝贵的资源.
研究的目的:
- 估计与收获和其他死亡因素相比,狼和棕熊对鹿的掠食率.
- 为了分析食肉动物掠食,鹿密度和狼区内的捕食率之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 利用了狼和棕熊在鹿上的多季杀害率数据.
- 纳入狼群的领土大小和熊和鹿的种群密度.
- 分析了20个狼区的掠食和捕食率.
主要成果:
- 狼对鹿的掠食与鹿的丰富性有负相关,与狼的密度有正相关.
- 估计每年狼和熊的掠食平均分别为8.6%和2.3%,而收获平均为17.5%.
- 在熊密度较高的地区,食肉动物的掠食总和超过了捕食率;捕食和捕食不是补偿性的.
结论:
- 大型食肉动物的重新殖民可能对可持续的鹿管理产生重大影响,这取决于当地的捕食者和猎物密度.
- 斯堪的纳维亚地区的鼠死亡率低于阿拉斯加,可能是由于死亡率因素和猎物的年龄/性别组成不同.
- 了解这些动态对于管理人类与野生动物的共存和野生动物资源至关重要.
关键词:
人类对人类造成的影响.棕熊是一个棕熊.收获收获的收获时间杀伤率 杀伤率 杀伤率鹿 鹿 鹿 鹿 鹿 鹿 鹿 鹿 是 是 是 是 是掠夺率 掠夺率 掠夺率可持续的管理 可持续的管理一个狼,一个狼.更多相关视频
10:20Linking Predation Risk, Herbivore Physiological Stress and Microbial Decomposition of Plant Litter
Published on: March 12, 2013
13.3K
16:03A Fish-feeding Laboratory Bioassay to Assess the Antipredatory Activity of Secondary Metabolites from the Tissues of Marine Organisms
Published on: January 11, 2015
9.4K
相关概念视频
Predator-Prey Interactions
16.1K
Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
16.1K
Trophic Efficiency
20.3K
Trophic level transfer efficiency (TLTE) is a measure of the total energy transfer from one trophic level to the next. Due to extensive energy loss as metabolic heat, an average of only 10% of the original energy obtained is passed on to the next level. This pattern of energy loss severely limits the possible number of trophic levels in a food chain.
20.3K
What are Populations and Communities?
33.7K
Overview
33.7K
Habitat Fragmentation
17.4K
Habitat fragmentation describes the division of a more extensive, continuous habitat into smaller, discontinuous areas. Human activities such as land conversion, as well as slower geological processes leading to changes in the physical environment, are the two leading causes of habitat fragmentation. The fragmentation process typically follows the same steps: perforation, dissection, fragmentation, shrinkage, and attrition.
17.4K
Conservation of Small Populations
13.1K
Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less...
13.1K
Trophic Levels
30.5K
All organisms in an ecosystem occupy a trophic level in the food chain. The lowest level consists of primary producers, which synthesize their food from either solar or chemical energy. Each subsequent level obtains energy from the levels below. Detritivores can occupy any of the levels above primary producers.
30.5K
