针对青少年和年轻人的性别变革性艾滋病毒和SRHR计划方法:为政策和计划提供信息的现实性审查
Annabelle Gourlay1, Damilola Walker2, Sagri Singh3
1Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK annabelle.gourlay@lshtm.ac.uk.
BMJ global health
|February 11, 2025
概括
性别转变干预措施有望改善青少年的性和生殖健康 (SRH),并降低艾滋病毒/性传播感染率. 然而,许多干预措施的重点是个人变化,而不是系统性障碍,限制了他们的全部潜力.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 性别研究是性别研究.
- 青少年健康 青少年健康
背景情况:
- 性别不平等显著推动了新的艾滋病毒和性传播感染,特别是影响了青少年女孩和年轻女性.
- 年轻男子和性别少数群体面临着社会和系统性障碍,无法获得医疗服务.
- 解决性别转变和结构性障碍对于改善年轻人的性和生殖健康 (SRH) 结果至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 通过性别变革机制,确定以艾滋病毒和SRH为重点的干预措施.
- 评估促进青少年行动,资源和支持性转型的社会规范的方法.
- 了解这些干预措施对健康和性别相关结果的影响.
主要方法:
- 进行了现实的审查,以确定符合条件的干预措施.
- 干预措施的选择是基于其通过性别转变实现艾滋病毒/性传播感染预防,性行为或怀孕结果的目标.
- 数据的提取和合成以程序理论为指导,根据策略对干预进行分类,并记录影响.
主要成果:
- 确定了33项符合条件的干预措施,采用了各种策略,如经济增强,社区动员和基于学校的课程.
- 大多数干预措施 (24) 显示"双重效应",对健康和性别相关结果产生积极影响,15项干预措施特别显示了预防艾滋病毒的双重效应.
- 虽然很少有干预措施衡量了HIV/STI发病率,12个干预措施报告了对避孕套使用的积极影响,以及改善机构或性别规范.
结论:
- 针对HIV/SRH风险的社会经济决定因素的以青年为中心的干预措施正在增加,显示出积极的健康和性别结果.
- 这些策略有可能实现艾滋病毒/性传播疾病减少目标和青少年更广泛的SRH目标.
- 一个主要的限制是干预措施倾向于优先考虑个人而不是结构性变革,阻碍其充分的性别转型能力.
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