刺激同时发生的评价效应的证据可能会被同化和对比关系之间的评价差异所夸大
Karoline Corinna Bading1, Marius Barth2, Klaus Rothermund3
1Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Cognition & emotion
|February 11, 2025
概括
关系评估条件 (EC) 研究表明,刺激的同时发生直接影响了评估. 这项研究表明,对比与同化关系如何影响评估的差异可能会错误地膨胀关系EC中共发生效应的证据.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 学习和记忆的学习和记忆
背景情况:
- 最近关于关系评估条件 (EC) 的研究表明,刺激的同时发生可以直接影响评估,而不依赖于刺激之间的特定关系.
- 这种效应通常通过减少评估性学习来证明,与同等刺激相比,与同化关系相比,与对比关系相联系的共发生刺激.
研究的目的:
- 调查对比关系是否会产生比同化关系更弱的评估.
- 为了确定这些评价差异是否可以人为地膨胀在关系EC中共发生效应的感知证据,使用连续和分类的措施.
主要方法:
- 一项试点研究 (N=85) 评估了对比与同化关系的固有评价力.
- 第一个实验 (N=42) 使用多项处理树 (MPT) 建模来探索膨胀并发效应的初步证据.
- 一个强大的第二个实验 (N=229) 采用亚样本MPT分析,专注于精确回忆的刺激,以严格测试膨胀假设.
主要成果:
- 试点研究证实,对比关系往往会引起比同化关系更弱的评估.
- 第一次实验的初步证据表明,评价差异可能会膨胀并发效应.
- 主要实验表明,对比和同化关系之间的评估差异确实可以膨胀关系EC中共发生效应的证据.
结论:
- 这些发现挑战了关系EC中同时发生效应的解释,表明它们可能是关系类型之间固有的评估差异的工件.
- 方法论上的含义强调了在检查并发效应时需要考虑基线评估差异的必要性.
- 未来的研究应该仔细考虑关系类型和评估性学习之间的相互作用,以了解关联过程.
更多相关视频
07:34Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues
Published on: June 3, 2013
17.3K
05:22Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
Published on: May 9, 2019
5.3K
相关概念视频
Cause and Effect
10.9K
While variables are sometimes correlated because one does cause the other, it could also be that some other factor, a confounding variable, is actually causing the systematic movement in our variables of interest. For instance, as sales in ice cream increase, so does the overall rate of crime. Is it possible that indulging in your favorite flavor of ice cream could send you on a crime spree? Or, after committing crime do you think you might decide to treat yourself to a cone?
10.9K
Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification
5.2K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
5.2K
Factors Affecting Perception
1.5K
Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
An illustrative example of a perceptual set is the scenario where an airline pilot told...
An illustrative example of a perceptual set is the scenario where an airline pilot told...
1.5K
Framing Effects
7.3K
Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
7.3K
The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic
7.2K
In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the...
7.2K
Stereotype Content Model
13.9K
The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence...
13.9K
