全球变暖通过影响相互干扰影响鱼类的食效率
Mateusz Augustyniak1, Bálint Preiszner2, Jarosław Kobak1
1Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Torun, Poland.
The Journal of animal ecology
|February 12, 2025
概括
高温降低了单鱼捕食者的食效率,但抑制了群体中的负面相互作用. 捕食者密度和猎物的可用性相互作用,影响食,其影响仅取代了温度.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 行为生态学 行为生态学
- 生理生态生态学 生理生态学
背景情况:
- 捕食者-猎物动态是生态系统稳定性和人口调节的基础.
- 功能响应 (FR) 方法模拟了资源使用,但温度和多种捕食者的影响还未得到充分研究.
- 气候变暖可能会改变食行为和捕食者之间的相互作用.
研究的目的:
- 通过FR方法研究温度升高和捕食者/猎物密度对鱼类食效率的综合影响.
- 为了确定内部竞争和温度如何相互作用以影响捕食者食.
- 评估单个捕食者实验是否高估了温度效应.
主要方法:
- 实验室对种子 (Lepomis gibbosus) 捕食者的实验是在三个密度 (1, 2, 4) 和两个温度 (25°C, 28°C) 的情况下进行的.
- 用六个猎物密度来计算功能反应.
- 分析的重点是食效率,遭遇率和掠食者之间的相互作用.
主要成果:
- 较高的温度降低了单一捕食者的最大食率.
- 由于对抗性相互作用,群体食效率下降,这些相互作用在更高的温度下降.
- 敌对相互作用随着捕食者密度的增加而增加,并在中间猎物密度时达到顶峰,压倒温度效应.
结论:
- 同类物种的存在对个人捕食者的表现产生负面影响,但随着温度的增加,这种影响会减弱.
- 捕食者可能会限制食物摄入量并减少相互作用,作为对变暖的适应性反应.
- 在功能性反应研究中包括种内竞争,比单个掠食者实验提供了更现实的生态见解.
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