不平等的资源分配发生在缺乏群体划分和身份的情况下
Eliane Deschrijver1,2,3, Richard Ramsey4,5
1School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
概括
即使没有群体划分,歧视也可能发生,因为人们在分配资源时更喜欢相似而不是差异. 这表明个人之间的比较,而不仅仅是社会身份,驱动不平等的待遇.
科学领域:
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 社会身份理论认为,歧视源于群体间关系和身份.
- 研究表明,即使在任意的组分配 (例如,估计,美学,机会) 中,歧视也会发生.
- 在资源划分方面,特设差异与相似性的作用,无论是属于哪个群体,仍然不太了解.
研究的目的:
- 调查是否发生不平等的资源分配,基于既定群体背景之外的感知差异与相似性.
- 探索个人之间的比较,而不是群体身份,在多大程度上推动了歧视性资源分配.
主要方法:
- 七个预先注册的实验涉及超过1400名参与者.
- 用贝叶斯回归分析来评估资源划分策略.
- 参与者根据数量估计,美学偏好或偶然结果的比较做出决定.
主要成果:
- 不平等的资源分配策略仍然存在,当个人根据特有差异与相似性进行比较时.
- 与差异条件相比,在相同条件下分配的资源明显多 (43.1%以上).
- 即使差异是基于随机结果的,也观察到这些效应.
结论:
- 歧视的一个关键驱动因素可能来自于个体间的比较机制,这种比较机制将临时差异处以惩罚,而不是临时相似性.
- 不平等的资源分配可以根据最小的差异对单个个体产生,这表明歧视的原因比目前所假设的更广泛和潜在的不同.
- 这些发现对理解歧视的认知和神经支有影响.
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