与血管炎相关的免疫抑制中对SARS-CoV-2疫苗的幽默反应
Kimia Kamelian1,2, Benjamin Sievers2, Michael Chen-Xu1,3
1School of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK.
Science advances
|February 12, 2025
概括
针对SARS-CoV-2 Omicron变异的疫苗在接受Rituximab治疗的血管炎患者中效率较低,显示中和抗体减少. 随着进一步的剂量,抗体反应得到改善,但尽管保持了结合活性,但rituximab使用中和受损.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 类风湿病学 类风湿病学
背景情况:
- 免疫抑制可以显著影响疫苗的有效性.
- 利图西马布是一种免疫抑制疗法,用于治疗血管炎等疾病.
- SARS-CoV-2 Omicron 变种对疫苗诱导的免疫具有独特的挑战.
研究的目的:
- 在接受Rituximab治疗的血管炎患者中评估针对SARS-CoV-2 Omicron后代的疫苗免疫性.
- 为了比较Rituximab与标准免疫抑制治疗对疫苗反应的影响.
- 在这个队列中研究抗体结合和中和后接种疫苗之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 测量血清抗体中和IgG结合位对抗SARS-CoV-2 Omicron变异的测量.
- 对抗体依赖细胞细胞毒性 (ADCC) 反应的评估.
- 用Rituximab治疗的患者免疫反应与其他免疫抑制剂的比较.
主要成果:
- 接受Rituximab治疗的血管炎患者在初始疫苗剂量后显示出最小的中和抗体.
- 中和标位随着强剂量 (3和4) 的增加,除了XBB变种.
- 与标准免疫抑制相比,立西马布治疗导致更明显的中和缺陷,尽管随着时间的推移,这种情况有所改善.
- 观察到IgG结合和中和之间的不一致,许多人表现出结合但缺乏中和.
- 在接受Rituximab治疗的患者中,ADCC反应比中和更常见,这表明非中和抗体的比例更高.
结论:
- 在血管炎患者中使用利图西马布严重损害了SARS-CoV-2 Omicron后代的中和,尽管接种了多次疫苗剂量.
- 在Rituximab治疗下,非中和抗体活性似乎比中和活性保持得更好.
- 这些发现强调了在免疫抑制群体中需要谨慎的疫苗策略.
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